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- A
- Abramov Fedor Alexandrovich
- Adam Smith
- Adler Alfred
- Aeschylus
- Afanasy Afanasyevich Fet
- Akhmatova Anna Andreevna
- Aksakov Ivan Sergeevich
- Albert Camus
- Aldous Huxley
- Alexander Alexandrovich Blok
- Alexander Isaevich Solzhenitsyn
- Alexander Ivanovich Herzen
- Alexander Ivanovich Kuprin
- Alexander Nikolaevich Ostrovsky
- Alexander Nikolaevich Radishchev
- Alexander Nikolaevich Zhitinsky
- Alexander Samoilovich Izgoev
- Alexander Sergeevich Griboyedov
- Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin
- Alexandre Dumas
- Alexey Fedorovich Losev
- Alexey Nikolaevich Tolstoy
- Alexey Stepanovich Khomyakov
- Alfred Adler
- Alighieri Dante
- Allan Poe Edgar
- Alvin Toffler
- Anarchism
- Anatole France
- Andersen Hans Christian
- Andre Gide
- Andrey Platonovich Platonov
- Ann Evans Mary
- Anna Andreevna Akhmatova
- Antoine de Saint-Exupéry
- Anton Pavlovich Chekhov
- Apocrypha
- Aquinas Thomas
- Ariosto Ludovico
- Aristocracy
- Aristotle
- Arjuna
- Arkady and Boris Strugatsky
- Arthur Conan Doyle
- Arthur Schopenhauer
- Aruch Shulchan
- Astafiev Viktor Petrovich
- Aubu Kierkegaard Søren
- Augustine Aurelius
- Aurelius Augustine
- Aurelius Marcus
- B
- Bacon Francis
- Baratynsky Evgeniy Abramovich
- Batyushkov Konstantin Nikolaevich
- Believers Old
- Belinsky Vissarion Grigorievich
- ben Maimon Moshe
- Benedict Spinoza
- Berdyaev Nikolai Alexandrovich
- Bergson Henri
- Berkeley George
- Bernard Show
- Bertrand Russell
- Bhagavad Gita
- Bible
- Black Sasha
- Blaise Pascal
- Blok Alexander Alexandrovich
- Boccaccio Giovanni
- Bogdan Alexandrovich Kistyakovsky
- Boris Leonidovich Pasternak
- Bradbury Ray
- Brahma
- Brothers Grimm
- Bruno Giordano
- Brzezinski Zbigniew
- Buddha
- Buddhism
- Bulgakov Mikhail Afanasyevich
- Bulgakov Sergei Nikolaevich
- Bunin Ivan Alekseevich
- Burnham James
- Bykov Vasil Vladimirovich
- C
- Calvin John
- Campanella Tommaso
- Camus Albert
- Capitalism
- Capote Truman
- Carl Gustav Jung
- Carlos Castaneda
- Castaneda Carlos
- Catholicism
- Chaadaev Pyotr Yakovlevich
- Charles Perrault
- Charles-Louis Montesquieu
- Chekhov Anton Pavlovich
- Chernyshevsky Nikolai Gavrilovich
- Chesterton Gilbert Keith
- Christianity
- Chukovsky Nikolai
- Cocteau Jean
- Commandments Ten
- Communism
- Confucius
- Conrad Joseph
- Copernicus Nicholas
- D
- Daniil Alexandrovich Granin
- Daniil Kharms
- Dante Alighieri
- de Montaigne Michel
- de Saint-Exupéry Antoine
- Democracy
- Democritus
- Derrida Jacques
- Derzhavin Gabriel Romanovich
- Descartes Rene
- Dictatorship
- Dilthey Wilhelm
- Diogenes of Sinope
- Dmitry Ivanovich Pisarev
- Dmitry Sergeevich Merezhkovsky
- Dmitry Vladimirovich Venevitinov
- Donne John
- Dostoevsky Fyodor Mikhailovich
- Doyle Arthur Conan
- Dumas Alexandre
- Duns Scotus John
- E
- F
- Fascism
- Faulkner William
- Fedor Alexandrovich Abramov
- Fedor Kuzmich Sologub
- Fedorovich Ryleev Kondraty
- Fest Joachim
- Fet Afanasy Afanasyevich
- Feudalism
- Feuerbach Ludwig Andreas
- Fichte Johann Gottlieb
- Fitzgerald Francis Scott
- Florensky Pavel Alexandrovich
- Foucault Michel
- France Anatole
- Francesco Petrarca
- Francis Bacon
- Francis of Assisi
- Frank Semyon Ludwigovich
- Franz Kafka
- Freud Sigmund
- Friedrich Engels
- Friedrich Nietzsche
- Friedrich Schiller
- Friedrich Wilhelm Schelling
- Fromm Erich
- Fyodor Ivanovich Tyutchev
- Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky
- G
- Gabriel Marcel
- Gabriel Romanovich Derzhavin
- Gandhi Mahatma
- Garshin Vsevolod Mikhailovich
- Georg Simmel
- Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
- George Berkeley
- George Eliot
- George Orwell
- Gershenzon Mikhail Osipovich
- Gide Andre
- Gilbert Keith Chesterton
- Giordano Bruno
- Giovanni Boccaccio
- Gita Bhagavad
- Goethe Johann Wolfgang
- Gogol Nikolai Vasilievich
- Golding William
- Gorky Maxim
- Gospel
- Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz
- Granin Daniil Alexandrovich
- Griboyedov Alexander Sergeevich
- Grimm Brothers
- Gumilev Nikolai Stepanovich
- Guy-de Maupassant
- H
- Hamsun Knut
- Hans Christian Andersen
- Hauff Wilhelm
- Hegel Georg Wilhelm Friedrich
- Heidegger Martin
- Heinrich Mann
- Hemingway Ernest
- Henri Bergson
- Henry Miller
- Henryk Sienkiewicz
- Heraclitus
- Herbert Marcuse
- Hermann Hesse
- Herzen Alexander Ivanovich
- Hesse Hermann
- Hesse Sergei Iosifovich
- Hobbes Thomas
- Howard Phillips Lovecraft
- Hugo Victor Marie
- Huntington Samuel
- Husserl Edmund
- Huxley Aldous
- I
- Ilf Petrov
- Ilyin Ivan Alexandrovich
- Immanuel Kant
- Ingarden Roman Witold
- Iqbal Muhammad
- Iris Murdoch
- Isaac Luria
- Isaac Newton
- Islam
- Ivan Alekseevich Bunin
- Ivan Alexandrovich Ilyin
- Ivan Andreevich Krylov
- Ivan Ivanovich Lapshin
- Ivan Sergeevich Aksakov
- Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev
- Ivanovich Zamyatin Evgeniy
- Izgoev Alexander Samoilovich
- J
- Jack Kerouac
- Jack London
- Jacques Derrida
- Jacques Marittain
- James Burnham
- James Joyce
- Jaspers Karl Theodor
- Jean Cocteau
- Jean Francois Lyotard
- Jean-Jacques Rousseau
- Jean-Paul Sartre
- Jerome David Salinger
- Jerzy Lec Stanisław
- Jiddu Krishnamurti
- Joachim Fest
- Johann Gottlieb Fichte
- Johann Wolfgang Goethe
- John Calvin
- John Donne
- John Duns Scotus
- John Locke
- John Peterson
- John Updike
- Jordan Burnt Peterson
- Jose Ortega y Gasset
- Joseph Conrad
- Joseph Vissarionovich Stalin
- Joyce James
- Judaism
- Jung Carl Gustav
- Junger Ernst
- K
- Kabbalah
- Kafka Franz
- Kant Immanuel
- Karamzin Nikolai Mikhailovich
- Karl Heinrich Marx
- Karl Linnaeus
- Karl Theodor Jaspers
- Katerli Nina Semyonovna
- Kerouac Jack
- Kharms Daniil
- Khayyam Omar
- Khomyakov Alexey Stepanovich
- Kipling Rudyard
- Kistyakovsky Bogdan Alexandrovich
- Knut Hamsun
- Kondraty Fedorovich Ryleev
- Konstantin Nikolaevich Batyushkov
- Koran Quran
- Krishna
- Krishnamurti Jiddu
- Krylov Ivan Andreevich
- Kuprin Alexander Ivanovich
- Kurt Vonnegut
- L
- Lao Tzu
- Lapshin Ivan Ivanovich
- Leibniz Gottfried Wilhelm
- Lem Stanislav
- Lenin Vladimir Ilyich
- Lermontov Mikhail Yurievich
- Leskov Nikolai Semyonovich
- Lev Davidovich Trotsky
- Lev Isaakovich Shestov
- Lev Mikhailovich Lopatin
- Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy
- Linnaeus Karl
- Locke John
- Lomonosov Mikhail Vasilievich
- London Jack
- Lopatin Lev Mikhailovich
- Losev Alexey Fedorovich
- Lossky Nikolai Onufrievich
- Lovecraft Howard Phillips
- Lozinsky Samuil Horatsievich
- Lucius Annaeus Seneca
- Ludovico Ariosto
- Ludwig Andreas Feuerbach
- Luria Isaac
- Luther Martin
- Lyotard Jean Francois
- Lyudmila Evgenievna Ulitskaya
- M
- Machiavelli Niccolo
- Mahabharata
- Mahatma Gandhi
- Mamardashvili Merab Konstantinovich
- Mann Heinrich
- Mann Thomas
- Marcel Gabriel
- Marcel Proust
- Marcus Aurelius
- Marcuse Herbert
- Margherita of Navarre
- Marina Ivanovna Tsvetaeva
- Marittain Jacques
- Marshak Samuil Yakovlevich
- Martin Heidegger
- Martin Luther
- Marx Karl Heinrich
- Mary Ann Evans
- Matriarchy
- Maupassant Guy-de
- Max Weber
- Maxim Gorky
- Mayakovsky Vladimir Vladimirovich
- Merab Konstantinovich Mamardashvili
- Merezhkovsky Dmitry Sergeevich
- Michel de Montaigne
- Michel Foucault
- Michel Nostradamus
- Mikhail Afanasyevich Bulgakov
- Mikhail Alexandrovich Sholokhov
- Mikhail Evgrafovich Saltykov-Shchedrin
- Mikhail Mikhailovich Bakhtin
- Mikhail Mikhailovich Prishvin
- Mikhail Mikhailovich Zoshchenko
- Mikhail Osipovich Gershenzon
- Mikhail Vasilievich Lomonosov
- Mikhail Yurievich Lermontov
- Mikhailovich Bakhtin Mikhail
- Miller Henry
- Mishna
- Mishneh Torah
- Monarchy
- Montesquieu Charles-Louis
- More Thomas
- Moshe ben Maimon
- Muhammad
- Muhammad Iqbal
- Murdoch Iris
- N
- Nabokov Vladimir Vladimirovich
- Nekrasov Nikolai Alekseevich
- Nekrasov Viktor Platonovich
- New Testament
- Newton Isaac
- Niccolo Machiavelli
- Nicholas Copernicus
- Nicholas Konstantinovich Roerich
- Nicholas of Kuzan
- Nietzsche Friedrich
- Nikolai Alekseevich Nekrasov
- Nikolai Alexandrovich Berdyaev
- Nikolai Chukovsky
- Nikolai Gavrilovich Chernyshevsky
- Nikolai Mikhailovich Karamzin
- Nikolai Onufrievich Lossky
- Nikolai Platonovich Ogarev
- Nikolai Semyonovich Leskov
- Nikolai Stepanovich Gumilev
- Nikolai Vasilievich Gogol
- Nina Semyonovna Katerli
- Nostradamus Michel
- O
- Occam William
- Oedipus
- of Assisi Francis
- of Elea Zeno
- of Kuzan Nicholas
- of Navarre Margherita
- of Sinope Diogenes
- Ogarev Nikolai Platonovich
- Old Believers
- Old Testament
- Oligarchy
- Omar Khayyam
- on the Mount Sermon
- Origen
- Ortega y Gasset Jose
- Orthodoxy
- Orwell George
- Oscar Wilde
- Osip Emilievich Mandelstam
- Ostrovsky Alexander Nikolaevich
- Oswald Spengler
- Otto Weininger
- P
- Paracelsus
- Pareto Wilfredo
- Pascal Blaise
- Pasternak Boris Leonidovich
- Patriarchy
- Pavel Alexandrovich Florensky
- Perrault Charles
- Peterson John
- Peterson Jordan Burnt
- Petrarca Francesco
- Petrov Ilf
- Petrovna Blavatsky Elena
- Philosophy
- Pisarev Dmitry Ivanovich
- Plato
- Platonov Andrey Platonovich
- Plotinus
- Plutarch
- Prishvin Mikhail Mikhailovich
- Protagoras
- Protestantism
- Proust Marcel
- Puranas
- Pushkin Alexander Sergeevich
- Pyotr Andreevich Vyazemsky
- Pyotr Berngardovich Struve
- Pyotr Yakovlevich Chaadaev
- Pythagoras
- Q
- R
- S
- Salinger Jerome David
- Saltykov-Shchedrin Mikhail Evgrafovich
- Samuel Huntington
- Samuil Horatsievich Lozinsky
- Samuil Yakovlevich Marshak
- Sartre Jean-Paul
- Sasha Black
- Schelling Friedrich Wilhelm
- Schiller Friedrich
- Schopenhauer Arthur
- Scott Fitzgerald Francis
- Semin Vitaly Nikolaevich
- Semyon Ludwigovich Frank
- Seneca Lucius Annaeus
- Sergei Iosifovich Hesse
- Sergei Nikolaevich Bulgakov
- Sergey Alexandrovich Yesenin
- Sermon on the Mount
- Shaivism
- Shakespeare William
- Shaktism
- Shalamov Varlam Tikhonovich
- Shestov Lev Isaakovich
- Shintoism
- Shiva
- Sholokhov Mikhail Alexandrovich
- Show Bernard
- Shukshin Vasily Makarovich
- Shulchan Aruch
- Sienkiewicz Henryk
- Sigmund Freud
- Simmel Georg
- Smartism
- Smith Adam
- Socialism
- Socrates
- Sologub Fedor Kuzmich
- Solovyov Vladimir Sergeevich
- Solzhenitsyn Alexander Isaevich
- Sophocles
- Søren Aubu Kierkegaard
- Spengler Oswald
- Spinoza Benedict
- Stalin Joseph Vissarionovich
- Stanislav Lem
- Stanisław Jerzy Lec
- Stendhal
- Stoic Zeno
- Strugatsky Arkady and Boris
- Struve Pyotr Berngardovich
- Swami Vivekananda
- T
- Talmud
- Tanakh
- Taoism
- Ten Commandments
- Testament New
- Testament Old
- Thomas Aquinas
- Thomas Hobbes
- Thomas Mann
- Thomas More
- Thomas Stearns Eliot
- Toffler Alvin
- Tolstoy Alexey Nikolaevich
- Tolstoy Lev Nikolaevich
- Tommaso Campanella
- Torah
- Torah Mishneh
- Totalitarianism
- Trotsky Lev Davidovich
- Truman Capote
- Tsvetaeva Marina Ivanovna
- Turgenev Ivan Sergeevich
- Tyutchev Fyodor Ivanovich
- Tzu Lao
- U
- V
- Vaishnavism
- Varlam Tikhonovich Shalamov
- Vasil Vladimirovich Bykov
- Vasily Andreevich Zhukovsky
- Vasily Makarovich Shukshin
- Vasily Vasilievich Rozanov
- Vedas
- Victor Marie Hugo
- Viktor Petrovich Astafiev
- Viktor Platonovich Nekrasov
- Virginia Woolf
- Vishnu
- Vissarion Grigorievich Belinsky
- Vitaly Nikolaevich Semin
- Vivekananda Swami
- Vladimir Ilyich Lenin
- Vladimir Sergeevich Solovyov
- Vladimir Vladimirovich Mayakovsky
- Vladimir Vladimirovich Nabokov
- Vladimirovich Venevitinov Dmitry
- Voltaire
- Vonnegut Kurt
- Vsevolod Mikhailovich Garshin
- Vyazemsky Pyotr Andreevich
- W
- Y
- Z
пессимизм
пессимизм, -а, м. Мрачное мироощущение, при к-ром человек не верит в будущее, во всем склонен видеть унылое, плохое; противоп. оптимизм. || прил. пессимистический, -ая, -ое.
Philosophy
