446; grammar of, 296
Gregory, Tullio, 245n
Gregory of Nyssa, 187n15
Gregory of Rimini, 186
Greimas, Algirdas Julien, 551, 552, 553, 554
Grosseteste, Robert, 96n3, 97, 111, 342
Gruber, Tom R., 60
Grünbaum, Adolf, 527
Guattari, François, 54
Guichard, Estienne, 426
Guiraut de Borneill, 122–123
Guldin, Pierre, 420–421, 422
Gulliver’s Travels (Swift), 426
Gundisalvi, Dominicus, 111, 112
Habermas, Jürgen, 583–584
Hackett, Jerremiah, 113n18
Haiman, John, 55n33
Halm, Carolus, 120, 122n7
Havet, Julien, 230
Haywood, Ian, 225n2
Hebdomad, 442
Hebrew language, 22, 23, 231, 232, 235, 408; adulterated translations of original text in, 490; grammar of, 444; letters used in Kabbalism, 386, 397, 398, 399, 411; as matrix language, 440; as perfect original language of Adam, 293, 294–295, 297, 298, 299, 300–301, 424; philology and, 286; as protolanguage, 304; representation of divine name and, 302, 303, 304; Thomassin’s dictionary of, 453
Hegel, G. W. F., 245
Heidegger, Martin, 240, 374, 441, 460, 471, 582; “death of God” and, 564, 565; on intuition, 458
Heraclitus, 84
Herbals, 30
Hermann the German (Hermannus Alemmanus), 97, 98–99, 100, 102–104, 107–108, 111, 113
Hermeneutics, 132, 242, 258, 259, 580, 582
Hermes Trismegistus (mythical), 235, 240
Hermeticism, 122, 235, 419
Herodotus, 24, 182, 306
Herren, Michael W., 122, 342n32
Hesiod, 445
Heuristics, 414
Hexaemeron (Saint Basil), 182, 186
Hieroglyphica (Horapollon), 192
Hieroglyphica (Valeriano), 192
Hieroglyphics, 27, 40, 81, 229, 444
Hildegard of Bingen, 284
Hilduin, 238
Hillel of Verona, 306, 307
Hillgarth, Jocelyn N., 411n16
Hippolytus of Rome, 129n12, 256, 282
Hisperica Famina, 122, 342n32
Histoire des Sévarambes, L’ (Vairasse), 427
Histoire naturelle (Buffon), 183
Histoire véritable du bienheureux Raymond Lulle (Vernon), 409
Historia animalium History of Animals, 174, 182, 185
Historia Naturalis (Pliny), 25
Historiarum libri (Glaber), 284
Historicism, 337
Historiography, 93, 230, 242, 337, 510
History of Aesthetic (Bosanquet), 339
History of Aesthetics (Gilbert and Kuhn), 341
History of Aesthetics (Tatarkiewicz), 341
History of Criticism and Literary Taste in Europe (Saintsbury), 339–340
Hjelmslev, Louis, 18–19, 80, 353–354, 514, 582–583
Hobbes, Thomas, 380–383
Holt, Elizabeth G. 341
Höltgen, Carl Josef, 192
Holy Grail, 227
Holtz, Louis, 209n37
Homer, 131, 138, 147, 445, 571
Homonyms and homonymy, 81, 161, 257, 259, 558, 574
Honorius of Autun, 87, 105, 111, 135
Horace, 147, 285, 315, 546
Horapollon, 192
Hugh of Fouilloy, 186, 192, 272
Hugh of Saint Victor, 105, 111, 137, 186
Huizinga, Johan, 339n25, 343
Humanism, Renaissance, 235, 308, 343
Human sciences, 38, 556, 557
Humboldt, 424
Hume, David, 459, 528, 529
Hungerland, Isabel C., 382
Husserl, Edmund, 354, 461, 477
Huysmans, Joris-Karl, 254, 342n32
Hylomorphism, 344
Hyperonymia and hyperonyms, 7, 19
Hypertext, 45
Iamblichus, 129n12
Iconicity, 213
Iconism, primary, 508, 509, 520, 522, 529
Idea del theatro (Giulio Camillo), 35
Idel, Moshe, 408
Iliad (Homer), 571
Illuminated manuscripts, 227n6, 260
Imagination, 471–472, 482, 528
Immanuel of Rome, 307
Imola, Benvenuto da, 147
“Inanis impetus” “Antagonism that achieves nothing”, 193
In artem brevis R. Llulli (Agrippa), 417
Inconsistency, 19
In de divinis nominibus (Thomas Aquinas), 348
Indexes (indices), 36, 41, 200, 203, 205
Indo-European hypothesis, 440
Inference, relationship of, 195, 513, 516
Inferno (Dante Alighieri), 132, 147
Ingredientibus (Abelard), 198, 362
In Sphaerum Ioannis de Sacro Bosco (Clavius), 420
Instauratio Magna, 36–37
Institutiones grammaticae (Priscian), 244–245n14
Institutio oratoria (Quintillian), 22n
Intentionality, 199, 206, 218
Interchangeability, presumption of, 237–238
International Association for Semiotic Studies, 1
Interpretability, 20–21
Interpretance, 21
Interpretants, 50, 51, 52
Interpretation, 51, 90–91, 149, 250, 352, 536; adulterated, 491; Beatus and, 254; knowledge and, 524; moral, 30; multiple interpretations of Scripture, 257, 258; Peircean, 565; perceptual judgment and, 469; reliability of, 571; rhetorical, 433; schematism and, 486; truth-conditional semantics and, 561; use of text and, 581; visualization of Scripture and, 270–271; World-Mind experiment and, 576–577
Intuition, 313, 314, 458, 463, 465, 515, 578; creative, 324–325, 326; Croce’s theory of, 532, 538; immediacy of, 511, 513; as inner expression, 318; intellectual, 345–352; intuition-expression, 534, 535; language and, 491; perceptual judgment and, 468; schema and, 471, 477–478, 484; sign and, 543; in Thomistic epistemology, 330
In visionem Ezechielis (Richard of Saint Victor), 272–273
Irenaeus of Lyon, 256, 282n13
Irrweg labyrinth, 52–53, 53
Isagoge (Porphyry), 4, 5, 12, 96, 162
Isidore of Seville, 30–31, 111, 119, 441; etymology of, 232, 447–448; on intelligence of dogs, 185–186; on names of God, 300–301
Jackendoff, Ray, 517
Jakobson, Roman, 1, 78
James, William, 529
James of Venice, 96, 96nn2–3
Jeauneau, Edouard, 244n13
Jerome, Saint, 186, 231, 251, 254, 256
Jesus Christ, 29, 30, 40, 235; Antichrist and, 282n12, 284; Apocalypse and, 275, 279; Hoy Grail and, 227; language spoken by, 295
Jews, 191, 231–232, 283, 307, 425
Joco-seriorum naturae et artis (Schott), 39
John of Dacia, 111, 213n40
John of Garland (Johannes de Garlandia), 105, 124
John of Jandun, 115
John of Saint Thomas (John Poinsot), 321, 333, 347
John of Salisbury, 121, 123, 138, 139, 238, 356, 401
John of the Cross, 317
Johnson, Mark, 64n35
Johnston, Mark D., 389n8, 395, 397, 408n14
John the Apostle, 256, 280
John the Baptist, 260
John the Saracen, 238
Joyce, James, 67, 68, 92, 334, 343n, 439, 569
Julian the Apostate, 442
Kabbalah, 301–303, 304, 306, 308, 400; Llullism after Pico and, 422; names of, 386; Sephirot of, 400, 412
Kabbalism, 23, 283, 426; Christian, 385; Llullism compared with, 397–399; Pico della Mirandola and, 408–414
Kandinsky, Wassily, 528
Kant, Immanuel, 1, 168, 333, 347, 457–458, 484–487; empirical concepts in, 458–466; on intuition, 525; judgments of perception, 466–471; schema of the dog and, 474–478; schema of unknown object and, 478–484; on schematism, 471–474; thing-in-itself, 584
Kant and the Platypus K & P, 72, 508, 509, 511, 515; on immediacy of intuition, 513; interpretation and, 567; on perspectives in Peirce, 524–525; semantics and, 550, 562, 563; World-Mind experiment in, 571–585
Katz, Jerrold J., 18n12, 19
Kepler, Johannes, 62, 487, 537
Kern, Hermann, 52
Kilwardby, Robert, 127, 214n42
Kircher, Athanasius, 40, 222n50, 229n7, 386, 393–394, 394n10, 405n12, 426, 444
Knowledge, 22, 27, 38, 86, 119, 151, 456; analogy and, 159, 163, 167, 168; animal symbolism and, 193; ars excerpendi and, 83; branches of, 48; chain of, 33; conceptual, 536; continuity of, 245; encyclopedias of, 436–437; global, 50; historical, 235, 241; inferential, 513, 524; innate knowledge of animals, 175; intellectual intuition and, 350–351; interpretation and, 28–29; latency of, 87–88; linguistic, 21, 305, 463; metaphor as instrument of, 95, 117; mnemonic tradition and, 261; mystical, 334; open-ended conception of, 55; organization of, 26, 34; perfectibility of, 421; poetic, 141, 318, 320, 324, 326; representation of, 3; reunification of, 35; sense perception and, 466, 467, 468; specialized, 72, 87; Thomistic theory of, 333; transcendentalization of, 487; transmission of, 24
Koch, Josef, 311n2
Komensky, Jan Amos, 35n23
Kovach, Francis, 341
Kunstliteratur, Die (Magnino), 340
Kripke, Saul, 550
Kuhn, Helmut, 341
Labyrinths, 36–37, 48, 68; as semantic networks, 57; types of, 52–55, 53, 54; vertigo of, 74–78, 88, 93, 94
Lactantius, 256
Lakoff, George, 64n35
Lalande, André, 347
Lamb, Sidney M., 553
Lambert, Johann Heinrich, 459n2
Lambert of Auxerre, 206, 208n33
Lambertini, Roberto, 171–172n, 343n 373–374
Lamennais, Hughes-Felicité-Robert de, 441
Landes, Richard, 280n11
Language, 31, 32, 69, 70, 158, 466; of animals, 181, 220–221; artificial and computerized, 1, 422–423, 433; borrowing and, 452–453; continuum of content and, 582–583; experience in relation to, 424–425; hieroglyphic vs. symbolic, 538; Kabbalah and, 303; man as rational animal and, 202; matrix languages, 440; penury of names and, 421; perfect language, 290, 297–298, 426, 449; philosophic, 426, 427–439, 446, 449; philosophy of language, 2, 3, 483, 531; primigenial, 440, 441; semiosis and, 489, 493–495; speech acts in Genesis, 286–298; “superlinguistic” force in, 450; Tower of Babel and, 290, 294, 295, 299, 305; translated documents, 229–230; universal, 1, 44, 425; vernacular language, 291–293, 294, 297–298; visual signs and, 505; voces of animals and, 125n43, 216. See also Natural language
Langue, Saussurean, 290, 293, 549, 556
Lapidaries, 30, 136, 143
“Latency” of information, 73
Latin language, 22, 23, 102, 107, 230, 359, 454; corruptions of medieval Latin, 253; formation of compound words in, 446–447; grammar of, 291, 296, 432; as international language, 436; Latin Aristotle, 96–97; mathematical combinations from alphabetic letters, 420–421; medieval philology and, 232; mnemonic tradition, 261; popular semiosis and, 494–495; Vulgate text in, 286
Latratus canis [“On Animal Language”] (Eco, Lambertini, Marmo, Tabarroni), 171–172n, 212, 221n49
Lavinheta, Bernardus de, 388n7
Law, 31, 404
Leclerc, Henri, 343n32
Lector in fabula The Role of the Reader, 570
Leech, Geoffrey, 354
Legitimism, French, 441
Le Goff, Jacques, 242, 246n15, 307
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, 37, 40n26, 46–47, 49, 55, 62, 88, 226, 400; on classification of knowledge, 437; latency of knowledge and, 88; perfectibility of knowledge and, 422; relation of language to experience and, 425
Lemay, Richard, 115
Lemoine, Michel, 339n25, 343n32
Leonardo da Vinci, 241, 517, 518, 537
Letter Nine (Pseudo-Dionysius), 152, 154, 156
Lewis, David K., 555
Lewis, W. J., 111n16, 186n13
Lexicography, 238, 549, 550, 553, 558–559
Libation Bearers (Aeschylus), 103
Libellum apologeticum (Vincent of Beauvais), 86
Libellus alter de consecratione ecclesiae Sancti Dionisii (Suger), 274n9
Libellus artificiosae memoriae (Spangerbergius), 75
Liber apologeticus (Abbo of Fleury), 280n11
Liber Chaos (Llull), 403
Liber de praedicabilibus (Albertus Magnus), 111
Liber de rebus in administratione sua gestis (Suger), 274n9
Liber de spiritu et anima, 234
Liber Primis Posteriorum Analyticorum (Albertus Magnus), 111
Libraries, 24, 74, 338, 421, 437, 492–493
Libri, Guglielmo, 236–237
Libri Morales, 96–97
Libro della natura degli animali (anonymous), 192
Life of Apollonius of Tyana (Philostratus), 181
Limits of Interpretation, The (Eco), 508, 567, 569, 570
Linguarum methodus novissima (Comenius), 422
Lingueglia, Paolo, 311n2
Linguistics, 3, 18, 440, 457, 531
Linnaeus, Carolus, 61, 462
Lionello di Ser Daniele, 307
Literarästhetik des europäischen Mittelalters (Glunz), 340
Literary genres, 105, 268, 426, 539, 540
Lives of the Philosophers (Diogenes Laertius), 24
Llinares, Armand, 405, 406
Llull, Raimon, 33, 34, 41, 385–386, 425; Great Chain of Being and, 400–408; Kabbalism and Llullism compared, 397–399; Leibniz and, 46; Llullism after Pico, 414–423; mathematical combinations system, 386–397; Pico della Mirandola and, 413; semantic universals and, 431
Locke, John, 378, 425, 458, 459, 459n2, 460, 461, 465, 469
Lodwick, Francis, 42, 425, 427, 435
Logic, 34, 111, 113, 170
Logic (Kant), 465, 466
Logica (Croce), 538
Logica Algazelis (Llull), 408
Logica nova (Llull), 406
Logica Vetus (Aristotle), 96
Logic of Quantity, The (Peirce), 517
Lois intellectuelles du langage, Les (Bréal), 548
Lo Piparo, Franco, 161n33, 201, 202n28, 208n35, 213n41, 357n2
Lorusso, Anna Maria, 62n34, 95n, 117n
Lotman, Jurij, 73n39, 85, 89n54
Lovejoy, Arthur O., 6n2, 136, 401
Louis the Pious, 230
Lucan, 105, 147
Lucretius, 23
Lucubrationes vel potius absolutissima kuklopaideia (Stergk), 22
Luisetti, Federico, 35
Lusignan, Serge, 86
Lyons, John, 355, 359, 553, 554
Lyttkens, Hampus, 162n34, 168
Macrobius, 138, 402
Magic, 25, 27, 308, 385
Maggi, Michele, 531n1
Magnino. See Schlosser–Magnino
Magritte, René, 82
Mahoney, Edward P., 331n20, 383
Maierù, Alfonso, 296n5, 359, 378n15, 379n17
Maimonides, Moses, 304
Mainardi, Pietro, 414–415
Maistre, Joseph de, 440–456
Mâle, Emile, 253n3
Mallarmé, Stéphane, 534
Mameli, Matteo, 525
Man in the Moone (Godwin), 427
Mannerism, 315
Manzoni, Alessandro, 488–507, 534, 546
Marchese, Vincenzo, 310n2
Marconi, Diego, 55n33, 463n4, 552–553
Margarita philosophica (Reisch), 34, 193
Marigo, Aristide, 292
Maritain, Jacques, 245, 309–352; on creative intuition vs. agent intellect, 323–338; De Bruyne’s critique of, 345–346; poetry