Donation of Constantine, 391 -392, 429 , 485 , 486 , 498
Donatist heresy, 352
Doorn, 681
Dorians, 7 , 8 , 94 , 98
Dostoevsky, Fëdor Mikhailovich, Russian novelist ( 1821-1881), 766 ,
768
double truth, 453 , 542
doubt, 234 , 350 , 563 -564, 567 , 644
drama, 110 . See also comedy; tragedy
dream(s), 150 -151, 795
Dreams of a Ghost-seer, Illustrated by the Dreams of Metaphysics ( Kant),
705
Dresden, 754 drugs, 267
Dryden, John, English poet ( 1631-1700), 604
dualism, 134 , 218 , 229 , 302 , 447 , 476 , 567 , 792
Dublin, 648
Dudding (name briefly assumed by Rousseau), 686 duel, 303
Duns Scotus, John, Scottish scholastic theologian ( 1270?-1308), 451 , 463
, 466 -467, 468 , 472 ; quoted, 466
duration, 796 , 799 , 804 , 806 -808
duty, 681 , 710 , 741
dynamics: in philosophy, 43 , 244 , 804 , 805 , 823 ; in science, 531 , 535 ,
536 , 539 , 583 , 595
Early Greek Philosophy ( Burnet), cited, 22 , 26 *, 32 *; quoted, 33
earth, 5 , 44 ; and centre of universe, 207 , 214 , 257 , 537 ; as element, 27 , 40 , 43 , 55 , 206 , 207 , 254 ; in Greek astronomy, 28 , 131 , 144 147, 206 , 212 -216; motions of, 207 , 212 -214, 215 , 526 530, 534 , 535 , 540 ,
559 ; and Newton, 535 , 538
East, 219 , 251 , 387 , 500 ; and Greece, 23 , 53 , 287 , 322 ; and Rome, 270 , 277 , 279 281, 322 . See also Eastern Empire; Far East
East India Company, 598 , 776
East Prussia, 704 , 720
Easter, 386 , 394 , 477
Eastern Church, 329 , 364 , 382 , 384 , 390 , 396 , 410 , 442 , 501 . See also Greek Church
Eastern Empire, 275 , 367 , 404 , 442 , 496 ; and Arabs, 283 , 305 , 420 ; and Church, 363 , 388 ; fall of, 419 ; heresies in, 333 , 368 ; and papacy, 375 , 381 , 385 , 390 , 396 ; and Rome, 392 , 397 398. See also Byzantine . . . ; Constantinople; Greek Emperor
Ebert, Friedrich, president of Weimar Republic ( 1870-1925), 789
Ecclesiasticus, quoted, 314
Ecgbert, first archbishop of York (fl. ca. 790), 395
Eckhard, Johannes or Heinrich, German Dominican theologian and mystic
( 1260?-1327?), 756
eclipses, 3 , 6 , 25 , 54 , 63 , 212 , 213 , 227
economics, 262 , 422 -423, 622 , 719 , 724 , 726 , 780 , 781 , 782 , 783 , 820 ; and intellectual goods, 138 ; and Locke, 637 , 640 ; and war, 741 . See also British economics
ecstasy, 23 , 37 , 290
Eddington, Sir Arthur Stanley, English astronomer (b. 1882), 246 *, 656
Eddy, Mary Baker Glover, Mrs., rounder of Christian Science
( 18211910), 31
Edessa, 424
Edilbert, King of the Angeli (contemporary of Pope Gregory the Great),
386
Edinburgh, 659 education, 74 , 347 , 407 , 524 , 726 ; and Aristotle, 191 , 193 -194; in modern times, 195 , 597 , 640 , 687 , 690 , 722 , 723 , 728 , 776 , 819 -820; and Plato, 106 , 109 , 110 111, 113 , 114 , 123 , 130 -131; in Sparta, 95 , 99 , 102 -103
Education ( Locke), 604
Edward I, King of England ( 1239-1307), 480
Edward III, King of England ( 1312-1377), 469 , 471
Edward IV, King of England ( 1442-1483), 486 , 555 , 621
Edward VIII ( Edward Albert Christian George Andrew Patrick David),
King of England (reigned 1936), 396
ego, -ism, 655 , 663 , 684 , 718 , 779 , 796 . See also self
Egypt, 101 , 314 , 328 , 333 , 581 , 582 ; and Alexander, 218 , 219 , 221 , 222 , 279 ; and Aristotle, 184 , 192 ; and astronomy, 212 ; civilization of, 3 , 4 , 6 ; and Crete, 6 -7, 16 -17; and geometry, 25 , 35 , 208 ; government of, 9 , 115 , 620 , 771 ; Greek philosophers in, 25 , 30 , 64 , 208 , 287 ; and Greek world, 17 , 25 , 28 , 30 , 101 , 208 , 223 , 224 , 279 ; Jews in, 311 ; and Mohammedans, 282 , 419 , 420 ; monasticism in, 375 , 376 , 377 ; Monophysites in, 369 , 420 ; priests in, 408 , 476 ;
religion of, 4 , 5 ; and Rome, 218 , 271 ; writing in, 4 , 9 -10. See also Alexandria “Eight Questions Concerning the Power of the Pope” ( Occam),
471
Einstein, Albert, German physicist (b. 1879), 31 , 70 , 71 , 217 , 539 , 832 ,
833
Elba, 750
Elea, 48
Eleatic school, 805
elect, election, 308 , 309 , 358 , 363 , 364 , 365 , 460
Elector Palatine, Frederick V ( 1596-1632), 560
electrons, 47
elements, 62 , 146 , 254 ; four, 27 , 43 , 55 , 57 , 144 , 145 , 147 , 148 , 206 , 207 , 253 . See also air; earth; fire; water
Elements ( Euclid), 211 212, 269
Eleusinian mysteries, 11 , 19 , 22
Eleusis, 19 , 20
Eleven Theses on Feuerbach ( Marx), 784 *
Elias, Brother, successor to St. Francis as head of Franciscan Order (fl. ca.
1227), 450
Elis, 233
Elisha, Hebrew prophet, 569
elixir of life, 43
Elizabeth, Princess, daughter of Elector Palatine
Frederick V ( 16181680), 560
Elizabeth, Queen of England ( 1533-1603), 229 , 518 , 523 , 541 , 618
Elizabeth and Essex ( Strachey), 541
ellipses, 211 , 530 , 531 , 539
Elogabalus. See Heliogabalus
Emerson, Ralph Waldo, American philosopher ( 1803-1882), 679
Emesa, 280
Emile ( Rousseau), 690 , 692 -694, 705
Empedocles, Greek philosopher (fl. ca. 440 B. C.), 43 , 53 -58, 62 , 63 , 65 ,
68 , 114 , 205 ; quoted, 54 , 56 -57, 305
Emperor, 336 , 369 , 370 , 479 , 509 ; conflict of pope and, 304 , 389 , 395 , 396 , 408 , 412 -416, 429 , 443 -446, 469 -470; interdependence of pope and, 302 , 392 -393, 471 . See also Eastern Empire; Holy Roman Empire; papacy; pope; Roman Empire; Western Empire
empirical knowledge, 34 , 136 , 139 -140, 149 , 258 , 706 , 717 , 832
empiricism, empirical philosophy, 33 , 137 , 158 , 546 , 595 , 611 , 667 , 731 , 791 , 829 ; and Berkeley, 652 , 653 , 659 ; and Greeks, 21 , 26 ; and James, 811 , 812 , 813 ; and Hume, 659 ; and Kant, 642 -644, 713 , 714 , 718 ; and Locke, 605 , 609 610; and logic, 68 , 653 , 831 ; modern, 834 ;
and science, 36 -37, 92 -93, 674 , 716 , 828 ; social, 789 , 790
Enchiridion militis christiani ( Erasmus), 517
Encyclopædia Britannica, quoted, 438 *, 706
encyclopædists, 599
End of Life, The ( Epicurus), 243
endogamy, 682
Engels, Friedrich, German Socialist ( 18201895), 728 , 783 , 789 end and
means, 178 -179, 504 , 507 , 509 -510, 744
endurance, 262
Endymion, 279
England, 110 , 229 , 251 , 366 , 403 , 436 , 479 , 524 , 548 ; aristocracy in, 61 , 622 ; during barbarian invasions, 401 , 402 ; and Byron, 633 , 746 ; cheeks and balances in, 637 , 639 , 640 ; and Church, 396 , 430 , 523 ; class struggle in, 724 ; conversion of, 394 395; criminal law of, 775 ; in dark ages, 304 , 394 ; and Descartes, 558 , 559 ; and divine right, 620 -621; in 18th cent., 101 , 278 ; Erasmus in, 513 , 514 , 516 ; and French revolutionary philosophers, 723 ; and freedom, 641 ; French wars with, 480 ; gentleman in, 109 ; and Inquisition, 449 ; Irish missionaries in, 386 ; Jews in, 434 ; and Kant, 704 ; landholding in, 634 -635; and Leibniz, 582 -583; and liberalism, 101 , 597 , 599 -600; and Locke, 600 601, 630 , 641 ; and Marx, 783 , 789 ; Methodism in, 22 ; middle class in, 486 ; monarchy in, 304 , 393 , 554 , 555 , 621 ; and Newton, 535 ; and Nietzsche, 762 ; Normans in, 407 ; and papacy, 442 , 469 , 478 , 482 , 483 , 485 , 486 ; political philosophy in, 605 ; and prudence, 677 ; public schools of, 94 *; rationalistic revolt in, 719 ; Reformation in, 434 ; and Renaissance, 512 , 522 523; and revolution, 604 ; and romanticism, 679 ; and Rome, 271 , 394 , 399 ; and Rousseau, 690 , 695 ; and Schopenhauer, 753 , 754 ; in 17th cent., 557 , 559 , 570 , 601 , 621 , 677 ; Victorian age in, 75 ; and Voltaire, 595 , 605 ; and Wycliffe, 485 , 486 ; universities in, 440 ; war disliked by big business in, 647 ; and wealth in 14th cent., 479 . See also British. . . ; Civil War; Great Britain
England, Bank of, 598 , 603
England, Church of, 518 , 601 , 620
English translation of Vulgate, 485
Enneads ( Plotinus), 288 296, 423 ; Tractate on the Gnostics, 294 -295; Tractate on Intellectual Beauty, 295 -296
Enoch, Jewish patriarch, 318 . See also Book of Enoch
ens realissimum, 709
enthusiasm, 16 , 19 , 161 , 703
environment, 792 , 824 , 826 , 827 -828
envy, 135
Epaphroditus, master of Epictetus, 260
Ephesians, 5 , 41
Ephesus, 5 , 40 , 151 , 368 ,
