What produced them ?
The sun.
A man eats meat. W 7 hat fed the animals, the birds ? Grass, but the sun produced the grass. A man builds a stone house with brick and mortar. The brick and mortar were burnt with fuel. The sun produced the fuel.
Everything needed by man, everything that comes directly into use, is due to the sun, and^ much of the sun’s heat goes into everything. Grain is necessary to all men because the sun makes it grow and there is much solar heat stored away in it. Grain warms who-ever eats it.
Fuel and lumber are useful because there is much heat in them. Whoever buys fuel for winter’s use, buys solar heat. And in winter you can burn your fuel when-ever you please and liberate the solar heat into your room.
And when there is heat there is also motion. What-ever motion there is, it all comes from heat either di-rectly from the sun’s heat or from heat stored away by the sun in coal, in firewood, in grain, and in grass. Horses and cattle draw loads, men work; what moves them ? Heat. But whence comes the heat ? From food. But the food was produced by the sun.
Water-mills and windmills are set in motion and grind. What moves them ? Wind and water. But what drives the wind ? Heat. And what drives the water? Heat, to be sure. It raises the water in the form of vapor into the sky, and if it were not for heat the water would not fall.
A machine does work. Steam moves it. What makes the steam ? Fuel; and in the fuel is the sun’s heat.
Out of heat comes motion, and out of motion comes heat. And both the heat and the motion are due to the sun.
Stories From The New Speller
Translated by Nathan Haskell Dole 1888
I. THE WOLF AND THE KIDS
A GO AT was going to the field after provender, and she shut up her Kids in the barn, with injunctions
not to let any one in. Said she :
“ But when you hear my voice then open the door.” A Wolf overheard, crept up to the barn, and sang
after the manner of the Goat :
“ Little children, open the door; your mother has
come with some food for you.”
The Kids peered out of the window, and said :
“ The voice is our mamma’s, but the legs are those of
a wolf. We cannot let you in.”
II. THE FARMER’S WIFE AND THE CAT
A FARMER’S wife was annoyed by mice eating up the tallow in her cellar. She shut the cat into the cellar, so that the cat might catch the mice.
But the cat ate up, not only the tallow, but the milk and the meat also.
III. THE CROW AND THE EAGLE
sheep went out to pasture.
Suddenly an Eagle appeared, swooped down from the sky, caught a little lamb with its claws, and bore him away.
A Crow saw it, and felt also an inclination to dine on meat. She said :
“ That was not a very bright performance. Now I am going to do it, but in better style. The Eagle was stupid; he carried off a little lamb, but I am going to take that fat ram yonder.”
The Crow buried her claws deep in the ram’s fleece, and tried to fly off with him; but all in vain. And she was not able to extricate her claws from the wool.
The shepherd came along, freed the ram from the Crow’s claws, and killed the Crow, and flung it away.
IV. THE MOUSE AND THE FROG
A MOUSE went to visit a Frog. The Frog met the Mouse on the bank, and urged him to visit his chamber under the water.
The Mouse climbed down to the water’s edge, took a taste of it, and then climbed back again.
“Never,” said he, “will I make visits to people of alien race.”
V. THE VAINGLORIOUS COCKEREL
Two Cockerels fought on a dungheap.
One Cockerel was the stronger : he vanquished the other and drove him from the dungheap.
All the Hens gathered around the Cockerel, and began to laud him. The Cockerel wanted his strength and glory to be known in the next yard. He flew on top of the barn, flapped his wings, and crowed in a loud voice :
“ Look at me, all of you. I am a victorious Cockerel. No other Cockerel in the world has such strength as I.”
The Cockerel had not finished his paean, when an Eagle killed him, seized him in his claws, and carried him to his nest.
VI. THE ASS AND THE LION
ONCE upon a time a Lion went out to hunt, and he took with him an Ass. And he said to him :
“ Ass, now you go into the woods, and roar as loud as you can; you have a capacious throat. The prey that run away from your roaring will fall into my clutches.”
And so he did. The Ass brayed, and the timid creatures of the wood fled in all directions, and the Lion caught them.
After the hunting was over, the Lion said to the Ass :
“ Now I will praise you. You roared splendidly.”
And since that time the Ass is always braying, and always expects to be praised.
VII. THE FOOL AND HIS KNIFE
A FOOL had an excellent knife.
With this knife the fool tried to cut a nail. The knife would not cut the nail.
Then the fool said :
“ My knife is mean,” and he tried to cut some soft kisel jelly with his knife. Wherever the knife went through the jelly the liquid closed together again.
The fool said, “ Miserable knife ! it won’t cut kisel, either,” and he threw away his good knife.
VIII. THE BOY DRIVER
A PEASANT was returning from market with his son Vanka. 1 The peasant went to sleep in his cart, and Vanka held the reins and cracked the whip. They happened to meet another team. Vanka shouted :
“ Turn out to the right ! I shall run over you ! “ .
And the peasant with the team said :
“ It is not a big cricket, but it chirps so as to be heard ! “
IX. LIFE DULL WITHOUT SONG
IN the upper Part of a house lived a rich barin, and on the floor below lived a poor tailor. The tailor was always singing songs at his work, and prevented the barin from sleeping.
The barin gave the tailor a purse full of money not to sing. The tailor became rich, and took good care of his money, and refrained from singing.
But it grew tiresome to him; he took the money and returned it to the barin, saying :
“ Take back your money and let me sing my songs again, or I shall die of melancholy.”
X. THE SQUIRREL AND THE WOLF
A SQUIRREL was leaping from limb to limb, and fell directly upon a sleeping Wolf. The Wolf jumped up, and was going to devour him. But the Squirrel begged the Wolf to let him go. .
The Wolf said :-^
“ All right; I will let you go on condition that you tell me why it is that you squirrels are always so happy. I am always melancholy; but I see you playing and leaping all the time in the trees.”
The Squirrel said :
“ Let me go first, and then I will tell you; but now I am afraid of you.”
The Wolf let him go, and the Squirrel leaped up into a tree, and from there it said :
“ You are melancholy because you are bad. Wicked-ness consumes your heart. But we are happy because we are good, and do no one any harm.”
XI. UNCLE MITYA’S HORSE
UNCLE MITYA had a very fine bay horse.
Some thieves heard about the bay horse, and laid their plans to steal it. They came after it was dark, and crept into the yard.
Now it happened that a peasant who had a bear with him came to spend the night at Uncle Mitya’s. Uncle Mitya took the peasant into the cottage, let out the bay horse into the yard, and put the bear into the inclosure where the bay horse was.
The thieves came in the dark into the inclosure, and began to grope around. The bear got on his hind legs, and seized one of the thieves, who was so frightened that he bawled with all his might.
Uncle Mitya came out and caught the thieves.
XII. THE BOOK
Two men together found a book in the street, and began to dispute as to the ownership of it.
A third happened along, and asked :
“ Which of you can read ? “
“ Neither of us.”
“ Then why do you want the book ? Your quarrel reminds me of two bald men who fought for possession of a comb, when neither had any hair on his head.”
XIII. THE WOLF AND THE FOX
A WOLF was running from the dogs, and wanted to hide in a cleft. But a Fox was lying in the cleft; she showed her teeth at the Wolf, and said :
“ You cannot come in here; this is my place.”
The Wolf did not stop to dispute the matter, but merely said :
“If the dogs were not so near, I would teach you whose place it is; but now the right is on your side.”
XIV. THE PEASANT AND HIS HORSE
SOME soldiers made a foray into hostile territory. A peasant ran out into the field where his horse was, and tried to catch it. But the horse would not come to the peasant.
And the peasant said to him :-
“ Stupid, if you don’t let me catch you, the enemy will carry you off.”
The Horse asked :
“ What would the enemy
