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Semiotics and the Philosophy of Language
together mirror images and imprints may be, the experimentum crucis will dispel any doubt: just reproduce a mirror in a photograph, in a motion picture or television shot, or in a painting. These images of mirror images do not work as mirror images. There is no imprint or icon of a mirror other than a mirror. The latter, in the world of signs, becomes the shadow of its former self: derision, carica-ture, memory. You can make a portrait, either a photograph or a paint-ing, and assert that it is ‘realistic’, truer than the original. With mirrors there is no truer image than the original’s. A catoptric element, capable of reflecting a semiosic element existing independently of it (without modifying it), cannot, in turn, be reflected by it. The semiosic element can only generalize it, make it a genus, a scheme, a concept, pure con-tent.

These two universes, of which the former is threshold to the latter, have no connecting points, the extreme cases represented by distorting mirrors being in fact ‘catastrophe points’. There comes a time when one has to make up one’s mind and choose which side one is on. The catop-tric universe is a reality which can give the impression of virtuality, whereas the semiosic universe is a virtuality which can give the impres-sion of reality.

References

Quotations of classical or medieval authors refer to the current available editions. In particular, for Aristotle and Sextus Empiricus: Loeb Classical Library (London-Cambridge); for Augustine and Boethius: Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesias-ticorum Latinorum (Vienna-Leipzig); for Abelard: Editio Super Porphyrium: Scritti di Logica, edited by M. Dal Pra (Florence: Nuova Italia, 1969); for Porphyry: Commentaria in Aristotelem Graeca (English translation, Porphyry the Poenician, hagoge [Toronto: Pontifical Institute, 1975]); for Aquinas: the Marietti edition (Turin). The quotations in English without reference to a specific version are mine.

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1970 Peirce’s Theory of Abduction, The Hague: Nijhoff. Fillmore, С
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1979 The

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together mirror images and imprints may be, the experimentum crucis will dispel any doubt: just reproduce a mirror in a photograph, in a motion picture or television shot, or in