Nef, F., 114
Nerval, G. de, 159- 161 Neubauer, F., 76 Nicholas of Lyra, 149 Nida, E., 53
Ockham, William of, 104 Origenes, 147
Paci, C, ix Panofsky, E., 166 Parmenides, 27 Paul, Saint, 103
Peirce C. S., 1, 2, 7, 10, 14, 19, 26, 35, 40, 43-45, 71-72, 134, 137, 184, 215 PelcJ., 4
Petofi, J. S., 72, 76-78 Philo of Alexandria, 141 Pius XII, 146
Plato, 4, 17, 22, 27, 29 Porphyry, 46, 53, 57-68, 78
Prieto, L., 21-22 Prodi, G., 184 Proni, G. P., 41 Proust, M., 160
Putnam, H., 47, 50, 73-78
Quine, W. V. O., 73 Quintilian, 36-37, 103
Rastier, F., 192 Re, L., ix
Rey, A., 14
Rey-Debove, J., 47, 76 Ricoeur, P., 87, 102, 147 Robertson, D. W., 159 Rosenstiehl, P., 81, 82 Rossi-Landi, F., 134 Russell, В., 4, 5<>
Saussure, F. de, 6, 14, 23, 30, 33, 34, 137- 138, 166, 170
Schank, R., 70-72 Schmidt, S., 68 Schelling, F. W. G., 147
Scholem, G., 145, 151, 153, 156, 163 Schwartz, S. P., 53
Scruton, R., 8 Searle, J. R., 6, 155
Sebeok, T. A., ix, 14
Sextus Empiricus, 15, 30, 31, 36 Shannon, С. Е., 166, 169 Shibles, W. A., 87
Speciale, E., 105
Stoics, 9, 15, 19, 20, 29-33, 36, 213-215 Stump, E., 64
Tesauro, E., 87,105-107 Tesnière,L.,ii4 Thagard, P. R., 41 Theagenes, 147 Thritemius, 173 Todorov, Т., 14, 32, 137
Uspenskij, B. 186
Vico, G. В., 87, 107- 108, 129 Violi, P., 194
Virgil, 34-35, «4
Weaver, W. 166 Weinreich, U., 47, 93 Weinrich,. H., 124-127 Wierzbicka, A., 50 Wilson, N. L., 47 Winston, P. H., 70 Wittgenstein, L., 8, 19 Wolff, C, 16
Abduction
— as a basic semiosic phenomenon, 8, 39-43
— in the interpretation of metaphors, 43-45
— in the interpretation of symbols, 124- 127
Accident, 58-68 Actant, 114, 160
Allegory, 141- 143, 147-163 Analogy, 16, 103- 105
Analytic vs. synthetic, 48, 55, 73-78, 97-99
Archetypes, 144-147 Artificial intelligence, 70- 78
Blowing up properties, 8, 78—80, 123
Case, 112, 117 Channel, 208-210 Cipher, 172
Circumstantial selections, 6 8 — 7 3 , 193-201
Cloak, 173 Code
— its various meanings, 165 — strong and weak, 36—39 — in structuralism, 166- 167 — and communication, 169 — s-codes, 169-172
— phonological s-codes, 169 — semantic s-codes, 171
— institutional, 179—182 — as correlation, 172—185 — cryptographic, 172
— and grammar, 177 — and information, 169
— and inference, 173- 175 — genetic, 182-185
— and lying, 177
— and medieval theory of interpretation, 103- 104
Componential analysis, 112— 129 Condensation, 96, 139- 141 Content
— Hjelmslev’s theory, 20- 22 — Stoics’ theory, 29—36
— interpretation of, 43—45
— representation in the format of a dictionary, 47—57
— representation in the format of a Por-phyrian tree, 57-68
— representation in the format of an ency-clopedia, 68- 84
— system of, 103-108
— content nebula, 161-163
Context and со-text, 68-70, 112- 129 Contextual selections, 6 8 — 7 3 , 175» 193-210 Continuum, 44-45
Conversational implicature, 157 Cryptography, 172- 177
Deconstruction, 153-156 Definition
— as interpretation, 46—47
— according to Aristotle, 57-58 Denotation vs. connotation, 33-36, 193-201
Diagrams, 16-17, 136- 139 Dictionary vs. encyclopedia — idea of, 47-55
— as a tool, 84-86
— and properties, 97-99 — as code-book, 165 Difference, 23-24 Differentia specifica
— in the Porphyrian tree, 57— 68 — as accident and sign, 67-68
Displacement vs. condensation, 96, 139- 141
Drift, 153- 156
Encyclopedia
— encyclopedic definition as interpretation, 46
— and the Porphyrian tree, 57- 68, 79-80 — encyclopedic clusters, 79-80
— examples of encyclopedic definition, 68-80
— as labyrinth, 80—84
— and metaphor, 103-127 — and code, 184-188
Entailment in definitions, 49, 56—57 Equivalence vs. inference, I, 15—18, 28-34, 46, 17З-184
Family resemblances, 131 Figurae, 20
Film, 224- 225
Frames, 70-78, 117-118 196
Genetic code, 182-184 Genus, 55-57, 58-68 Grammar vs. code, 175- 177
Hyponymy vs. hyperonomy, 48, 55-57, 85 Hypothesis, See Abduction
Icon
— iconic signs, 16, 137—139 — diagrams, 137—139
— drawings, 17 — emblems, 17
— absolute icons, 210-211 Identity, 1, 25-26, 45-46 Imaginary vs. symbolic, 203-204 Incorporeals, 30-31
Inference
— inferential nature of signs, 2, 26—49 — criterion of interpretability, 43—45 — as interpretation of signs, 15-18
— and synecdoche, 91-92
— and metaphor, 92-95, 112-127 — and symbols, 124—127
— and the cognitive function, of metaphors, 99- 103
— and medieval theory of interpretation, 103- 105
Information, 169 Inconsistency, 48 Institutional codes, 179-182
Instructional semantics, 34-36, 68-80, 177» 178
Interpretation and interpretant — principle of, 1 — 4
— criterion of interpretability, 43-45 — and definition, 46
— of markers, 55—57
— and encyclopedia, 68—86 — of metaphors, 112— 129 — of symbols, 136-163
— and code, 172-188 — and mirrors, 217-226
— in the Holy Scriptures, 147- 163 Intension vs. extension, 18, 73-78, 193-201 Intuitive truths, 9 Isotopy
— as an umbrella term, 189— 194 — and metaphor, 117—118
— discursive, 194—196 — narrative, 196—200 — extensional, 200-201
Kabala, 153- 156
Labyrinth, 2, 80-84 Linguistic model, 33 Lying, 177- 182
Markers, 55-61 Meaning
— system of content, 20- 22, 103- 108 — Stoic theory of, 29-36
— Aristotelian theory of, 57—58 — Porphyrian theory of, 58—68 — interpretation of, 43—45
— representation in the format of a dictio-nary, 47- 57
— representation in the format of an ency-clopedia, 68-84
— indirect, 136-137
— meaning postulates, 51 Metaphor
— the metaphoric nexus, 87-89 — traditional definitions, 89-91 — Aristotelian theory, 91 — 96
— Tesauro’s theory, 105-107 — Vico’s theory, 107-109
— Freudian theory, 96-97 — formal theory, 109-112
— and symbol, 124-127, 133, 141 — and metonymy, 114—117
— and synecdoche, 91 — 92
— and encyclopedia, 97, 98, 99, 112-127 — cognitive function of, 199—202
— interpretive rules, 123—124 Metonymy 87, 90, 95, 114- 117 Mimesis 102
Mirror
— and sign, 202, 213-217
— phenomenology of, 204- 205 — pragmatics of, 205—208
— as prosthesis and channel, 208—210 — as absolute icon, 210
— as rigid designator, 211 —213 — distorting, 217—219
— procatoptric staging, 219-221
— rainbows and Fata Morganas, 221-222 — and photography, film, and TV, 222-226
— catoptric theaters, 221 — 222 — mirror stage, 203
Model 0, 2, 80, 84, 113, 127
Narcotizing properties, 8, 71, 79-80, 123 Natural kinds, 53-57
Natural language, 172-177 Neoplatonism, 103—105
Object words, 50 Ostension, 39, 50 Overcoding, 92
Index of Subjects
Paraphrase, 48, 53
Philosophy of language, 4—13 Photography, 222-224 Porphyrian tree
— critique of, 46, 57—68 — and definition, 58-61
— and semantic clusters, 78-80 — and synecdoche, 91
— and metaphor, 92-98, 103-129 Possible worlds, 200- 201
Pragmatics (textual), 68-80, 85, 89, 112-114, 115-117, 119-124
Pragmatics of mirrors, 207— 208 Predicables, 58-68
Primitives (semantic), 49—61
Property (semantic), 53, 60, 61, 96, 112-127
Proportion, 86, 94-96 Proprium 59—60
Ratio faults vs. ratio diffialis, 133- 139, 176 Redundancy, 48
Reference, 18, 27. See also Mirror Rhetorical figures, 87—90 Rhizome, 81-82, 104
Rigid designation, 74-78, 211-215
S-code, 169-182 Scripts, 70- 73 Semantics
— intensional, 46—86
— instructional, 34-36, 68-80, 177, 178 — semantic anomaly, 48
— semantic ambiguity, 48
— semantic inconsistency, 48
— semantic entailment, 49, 56—57 — semantic similarity, 48, 94—95
— hyponymy and hyperonomy, 48, 55— 57, 85
— denotation, 33-36, 193-201
— componential analysis, 112-129 — object words, 50
— paraphrase, 48, 53
— semantic clusters, 78—80 — semantic primitives, 49—61 — redundancy, 48
— property, 53, 60, 61, 96, 112- 127 — rigid designation, 74—78, 211 —215 — semantic markers, 55-61
— intension vs. extension, 18, 73—78, 193-201
— semantic s-codes, 171— 172 Seme, 21
Seme. See Markers; Property
Semene, 69, 112—129. See also Content; Markers; Property
Semiosis, I, 2, 80-84
Semiotics
— general, 4-13, 38
-specific, 4-6, 11-13 — as philosophy, 10-13 Sentence, 21-22
Sign
— crisis of the concept, 14-20 — vs.figurae, 20
— vs. sentence, 21 — as difference, 23 — vs. text, 25
— as identity, 25 — vs. word, 26-28 — and subject, 45
— Stoic theory, 29-33, 213-215 — inferential nature, 39—43
— diagnostic vs. prognostic, 3 7 — 3 8 — commemorative vs. indicative, 31
Signifier vs. signified, 1, 24 Species, 55- 57, 58-68
Stoic semiotics, 29-33, 213-215 Subject, 45
Substitutional tables, 36, 173 Symbol
— various meanings, 130-133 — as genus, 134-135
— by ratio facilis, 136—137 — by ratio difficiltSy 137- 141
— as sign in general, 134- 136 — as conventional sign, 136
— as indirect meaning, 136- 137 — as diagram, 137-139
— as trope, 139- 141
— vs. allegory, 147-149» 163 — and art, 141-143, 147-149 — medieval theory, 147-153 — Kabalistic theory, 153— 156 — Hegelian theory, 143- X44 — Romantic theory, 141 — 143 — Freudian theory, 139-141 — Jung’s theory, 144- 147
— literary symbolism, 156-162 — and hermeneutics, 147
— semiotics of the symbolic mode, 143- 163
— symbolic code, 140
— symbolic vs. imaginary, 207
— symbolic as content nebula, 161 — 163 Symptoms, 16, 26—46
Synecdoche, 87, 90, 91-94, иб Synonymy, 48, 53, 91
Taxonomy 52, 55—61 Television 224- 226 Text
— vs. sign, 24—25
— and encyclopedia, 68—80
— and context, 68-80 — and isotopy, 189-201
— pragmatics of, 112—129
— textual implicature, 157-162 Topic, 3, 117-118
Transfer features, 93, 115
Tropes, 87- 90, 107, 139-141 Tree vs. labyrinth, 2, 58-68
Type/token, 31 — 33
Word vs. sign 26-45
