4 THE LANGUAGE OF THE AUSTRAL LAND
- Estienne Guichard, L’Harmonie étymologique des langues (Paris: Le Noir, 1610), 147.
- Jorge Luis Borges, “The Analytical Language of John Wilkins,” Other Inquisitions, 1937–1952, trans. Ruth L. C. Simms (Austin: University of Texas Press, 1964), 103.
- “Doctor Brodie’s Report,” in Doctor Brodie’s Report, trans. Norman Thomas di Giovanni (London: Penguin, 1976), 97.
- Borges, “Tlön, Uqbar, Orbis Tertius,” Ficciones (New York: Grove Press, 1962),
5 THE LINGUISTICS OF JOSEPH DE MAISTRE
- Gérard Genette, Mimologiques (Paris: Seuil, 1976).
- Luigi Rosiello, Linguistica illuminista (Bologna: Mulino, 1976).
- Andrew D. White, A History of the Warfare of Science with Theology in Christendom (New York: Appleton, 1917) 2:189–208.
- In the citations from Maistre that follow, the numbers refer to pages in the original edition published by the Librairie Grecque in Paris in 1821.
INDEX
Page numbers refer to the print edition but are hyperlinked to the appropriate location in the e-book.
Abulafia, Abraham ben Samuel, 46–51
accidentals, 81, 90
Acosta, José de, 67
Active Intellect, 46, 48
Adam, viii, 39, 46–47, 51, 55, 77, 79; animals named by, 23, 24–25, 28, 36; Dante and, 34–37, 41–42, 45
Adamic language, 26, 30, 45, 51, 54, 61, 77, 79. See also language, perfect
Aelian (Claudius Aelianus), 59–60
African cultures, 53, 100
agglutinations, 105
d’Ailly, Pierre, 6
Albertus Magnus, 6–7
Alciati, Andrea, 58–59
Alcibiades (Plato), 60
Alembert, Jean Le Rond de, 14, 67, 92–93
Ambrose, Saint, 6, 59
Amerindian cultures, 53, 67–68
amorc (Anticus and Mysticus Ordo Rosae Crucis), 11
Andrae, Johann Valentin, 10–12
animal naming, 23, 24–25, 28, 54–55, 87, 93, 94
Anonymous Spaniard (Pedro Bermudo), 89–90
Apperley, Charles James. See Nimrod
Apries (pharaoh), 62
Aquinas. See Thomas Aquinas
Archimedes, 5
Aristarchus, 5
Aristophanes, 60
Aristotelianism, 39, 46
Aristotle, 5, 27, 60
Arout, François Marie. See Voltaire
Ars Signorum (Dalgarno), 81
Asian culture, 100. See also China
astronomy, 18, 62, 100
Augustine, Saint, 6–7, 27–28
Auracepit na n-Éces (precepts of poets), 28
Austral language, 80–90. See also Foigny, Gabriel de
autonomous invention thesis, 111, 112–13, 115
Averroes, 46
Avertissement pieux et utile des frères de la Rosée-Croix (Neuhaus), 12
background books, 54–55, 60, 69
Bacon, Francis, 63, 66, 78, 103
Bacon, Roger, 6, 39
Baillet, Adrien, 12
Barruel, abbé, 14
Basil, 59
Becher, Joachim, 84
Bergerac, Cyrano de, 80
Bermudo, Pedro (Anonymous Spaniard), 89–90
Berry, duc de, 9
Bible, 27, 28, 55; Cotton Bible, 29; Genesis, 23–25, 35; King James version, 24–25, 44; Martin Luther German translation, 24; Psalm 68, 44; Psalm 148, 36; translations, viii; Vulgate, 24, 44
The Birds (Aristophanes), 60
Boethius of Dacia, 39
Bonald, Louis-Gabriel-Ambrose de, 98
Boorstin, Daniel, 7
Borges, Jorge Luis, 12–13, 93–94
Bournand, François, 15
Bouvet, Joachim, 70, 74
Brahe, Tycho, 3
Buridan, Jean, 6
cabala 47, 51, 58
Cabala of the Names (Abulafia), 47
cabalism, 79
Caesar Domitian Augustus, 62
Cagliostro, Alessandro, conte di (Giuseppe Balsamo), 15
Cambridge Bestiary, 59–61
Campanella, Tommaso (Giovanni Domenico), 10
Carbonari (secret society), 14
caricature, 80
Carpine, Pian del (Giovanni de Piano Carpini), 9
cartography, 7, 65
Celestial Emporium of Benevolent Recognitions (Borges), 93
Celsus, 59
Chain of Genies, 62
Champollion, Jean-François, 56–57, 62
Character pro notia linguarum universalis (Becher), 84
chemical formulas, 3, 78–80, 85–86, 88
China, 63–64; animal classification and, 93; hieroglyphs and, 66–67; ideograms and, 63, 66, 78; language of, 97; Oedypus Aegyptiacus, 65. See also Marco Polo
China Illustrata (Kircher), 65, 66, 68
Christianopolis (Andrae), 10
Cicero, 60
City of the Sun (Campanella), 10
Columbus, Christopher, viii, 4, 6–7, 74
Common Writing (Lodwick), 81
“Community” (Peirce), 19–20
Condorcet, 14
Confraternity of the Rosy Cross. See Rosicrucians
Confucius, 66
Constantine, 7
Constitutions of Anderson, 13
Contra Celsum (Origen), 59
Copernican theory, 17
Corti, Maria, 38–39, 49
Cosmas Indicopleustes, 5, 17–18
cosmology, 20; Ptolomaic system, 3–4, 17–18, 62
counterfeit documents, 9–10
Cratylus (Plato), 27, 97
Cruz, Gaspar da, 63
cultural anthropology, 74–75
cultural interaction modes, 53–54
culture conquest, 53
Cyon, Elie de, 16
Cyrus, King, 68
Dalgarno, George, 78, 81, 87, 90
Daniele, Lionello de Ser, 50
Dante Alighieri, 4, 6, 23, 30–32, 40–43, 48, 49–51, 77, 78; cabalistic tradition, viii; forma locutionus, 37–42, 45, 46, 49; Hebrew and, 33–35, 37, 39, 41, 44; illustrious vernacular, 39–41; Jewish influence, 48–51; language comparisons, 30–35, 43–44; locutio secundaria, 32, 34; perfect language, viii, 30, 41–42; vernacular languages, 30–35, 37, 40, 44
Darwinian theory, 4–5
De abstinentia (Porphyry), 59
De animalium natura (Aelian), 59–60
De dignitate and augmentis scientiarum (Bacon), 63, 66
De finibus bonorum et malorum (Cicero), 60
De Genesi ad literam libri duodecim (Augustine), 28
De l’ésprit des choses (Saint Martin), 98
De modis significandi (Boethius), 39
De solertia animalium (Plutarch), 60
De Vulgari Eloquentia (Dante), 30–32, 39, 40–42, 50, 77
Democritus, 6
Des signes (Gerando), 92
Descartes, René, 12, 40, 91–93
Dewey, John, 50
Diderot, Denis, 14, 67
Dijksterhuis, E. J., 5
The Discoverers (Boorstin), 7
Divine Comedy (Dante), 23, 30, 33, 42–43, 48; Hebrew translation, 50
Divine Mind, 23
divine symbols, 56
Donation of Constantine, 7–8, 17–18, 20
double articulation, 88
“Dr. Brodie’s Report” (Borges), 94
Dreyer, J. L. E., 5
Dreyfus case, 16
Dumas, Alexandre, 16
earth, shape of, 4–7, 18, 20–21
Eddington, Arthur Stanley, 20
Eden, Garden of, 23, 30, 102. See also paradise
Effroyables pactions faites entre de diable et les prétendus invisibles (anonymous), 12
Egidius Romanus, 6
Egyptian culture, 53–54, 56, 100
Electra (Sophocles), 60
Emblemata (Alciati), 58–59
encyclopedia, 21; of China, 65; current truth in, 3; improbable country in, 12–13
Encyclopédie (Alembert), 67, 91–92, 92–93
epicurean hypothesis, 77, 97–98
Epistula XIII (Dante), 42, 50
Eratosthenes, 5
Essai sur la secte des illuminés (Luchet), 13
Essai sur l’indifférence en matière de religion (Lamennias), 98
Essay Towards a Real Character (Wilkins), 81
Ethiopia, 9
Etymologiarum (Isidore of Seville), 28, 44, 59
etymology, 98, 105–6, 107, 111, 115
Euclid, 5
Eudoxius, 5
Eugene IV (pope), 9
Eve, 25, 35–36, 77
evident and multiple borrowing thesis, 111, 113
exchange, cultural, 53
Explication de l’arithmétique binaire (Leibniz), 70
falsehood: Force of the False, 3; leads to truth, viii; verisimilitude and, 17–21
Fama Fraternitatis R.C., 10
Fenius, school of, 29
Ficciones (Borges), 94
Finnegans Wake (Joyce), 95
flat earth theory, 4–7, 18, 21
Fludd, Robert, 11
Foigny, Gabriel de, vii, 93; Austral land, 77; Austral language, viii, 80; imperfect language, ix
Foucault, Michel Paul, 93
Frederick I, 9
Freemasons, 13. See also Masons; Templars
Fu-hsi, 74
Gaelic language, 28–29
Galileo, 4
Garibaldi, Giuseppe, 14
Gautier, Jean François, 20
Genette, Gérard, 97
Genot-Bismuth, Jacqueline, 49–50
Geography: Its History and Concepts (Holt-Jensen), 7
Geography (Ptolemy), 65
Gerando, Joseph Marie de, 92
Gilles, Pieter, 80
Giuseppe Balsamo (Dumas), 15
God(Chomskian), 40, 77
God (Hebrew), 2, 23, 24, 28, 35, 39, 40, 51, 55, 70, 77, 79, 108; first spoken words, 36; names of, 42–44, 47–48
gods, belief in, 2
Godwin, Francis, 80
Goedsche, Hermann, 15
grammar, 77–78, 81, 90–91, 102; (locutio secundaria), 32, 34; Modistae, 39, 46; transcendental particles, 87
grammar of ideas, 93
Grand Rabbi, speech of, 15–16
Greek culture, 53–54
Greek language, 26–29, 32, 102, 104, 109
Guichard, Estienne, 79
Gulliver’s Travels (Swift), 80
Ham, 25, 66
Heaven of the Fixed Stars, 23
hebdomad, 100
Hebrew language: of Adam, 30, 41–42, 45, 64; Dante and, 32–33; as first language, 39, 46, 49, 101–2; Jesus and, 28, 38; as perfect language, 40, 42, 56; as primordial language, 27, 77, 95; as proto-language, 47; as sacred language, 27–28, 40, 46–47, 49
Heidegger, Martin, 98
heliocentric hypothesis, 4
Heloise, 1
Henry IV (England), 9
hermeneutics, 27
Hermes Trismegistus, 58, 61, 66, 74
Herodotus, 49
Hesiod, 102
Hexaemeron (Basil), 59
Hexaemeron (Saint Ambrose), 59
hexagrams, 70–74
Hieroglyphia sive de sacris Aegyptorum aliarumque gentium literis (Valeriano), 60
Hieroglyphica (Horapollus), 56–58
Hieroglyphica (Philippos), 58
hieroglyphs, 56–59, 61–62, 102; ideograms as, 66–67
Hillel of Verona, 48–50
Historia animalium (Aristotle), 60
Historia natural y moral de las Indias (Acosta), 67
Historical essay endeavouring the probability that the language of the empire of China is a primitive language (Webb), 64
History of Planetary Systems from Thales to Kepler (Dreyer), 5
History of the Warfare of Science with Theology in Christendom (White), 7
Holt-Jensen, A., 7
Homer, 18, 102
Horapollus, 56–61
Humboldt, Wilhelm von, 77
I Ching, 70–74
iconography. See hieroglyphs
ideal societies, 10
Idel, Moshe, 45
ideograms. See hieroglyphs
Illuminati of Bavaria, 14
Immanuel of Rome, 49, 50
India, 8, 99–100
Indo-European hypothesis, 97
Inferno (Dante), 33, 41
Institutiones divinae (Lactantius), 5
intelligence versus stupidity, ix
Irish. See Gaelic language
Isidore of Seville, 6, 27, 28, 44, 59, 98, 105
Isis, 66
Jacobins, 14, 101
Japeth, 25
Jerusalem, 2, 7
Jesuits, 14–15, 54, 64–65, 68
Jesus Christ, 2, 64
Jewish-masonic plot, 14
“Jews, Masters of the World” (Goedsche), 15
John of Holywood, 6
Joly, Maurice, 15, 16
Joyce, James, 95
Juif errant (Sue), 15
Julian the Apostate, 99–100
Kant, Immanuel, 20
Kircher, Athanasius, 61–69, 74, 79, 102
koine, 26
Krishna, 99
La Terre Australe connue (Foigny), 80
labyrinth, 93
Lactantius, 5
Lamennais, Hughes-Félicité-Robert de, 98
land of novels, 93, 95
Landa, Diego de, 67
language: ability and, 32–33; artificial, 103; creation myth, 24; dialects, 30; errors, vii; evolution of, 102; fictional inventions in, vii-viii; genius of, 103–4, 109; historical-cultural phenomenon of, 114; Indo-European, 97; matrix of, 97; natural, 40, 103; nature of, 97–99; order of ideas in, 27; philosophic and a priori, 79–95, 103, 107; plurality of, 25, 26; rational, 30; sacred, 26–28, 40, 47, 49, 57–59; universal, 26–28, 39–40, 63–64, 68–69, 78–79, 93. See also Adamic language; linguistics; individual languages
language, perfect, 107–8; Dante and, viii, 30, 41–42; Egyptian as, 61, 63; Hebrew as, 40, 42, 56; search for, vii, 55–56, 77, 98
Language, Torah, and Hermeneutics in Abraham Abulafia (Idel), 45
Latin language, 26–28, 79, 102, 103–4; grammar, 30, 87
Le Contemporain, 15
Le Goff, Charles, 51
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm, 30, 53, 69–70, 74, 78, 92
Leopold I (emperor), 68
Les estais et les empires de la lune (Bergerac), 80
Les estais et les empires du soleil (Bergerac), 80
Les Juifs, nos contemporains (Bournand), 5
Les mots et les choses (Foucault), 93
Lettre à Dacier (Champollion), 62
Leucippus, 6
L’harmonie étymologique des langues (Guichard), 79
L’Histoire des Sevarambes (Vairasse), 80
linguistic matrix, 46
linguistics, 88, 107; Dante and, 30, 35, 36; enlightened, 97; lunatic, viii; science of, 97. See also language
lions, 62
Locke, John, 78
Lodwick, Francis, 78, 81, 90
Logos, universality of, 26
Luchet, marquis de, 13
Lull, Ramon, 78, 86
Lully, Raymond, 30
L’Univers existe-t-il? (Gautier), 20
Luther, Martin, 24
Machiavelli, Niccolò, 15–16
Macrobius, Ambrosius Theodosius, 6
Maier, Michael, 11
Maimonides (Moses ben Maimon), 46
Maistre joseph de, vii, 14, 97–115 passim
Man in the Moone (Godwin), 80
Mani (Manichaeus), 14
Marco Polo, 9, 53–54, 56, 63, 65, 74
Martianus Capella, 6
Marvin, F. S., 7
Masons, 13–14, 100; Scottish Rite, 13, 98, 103. See also Templars
mathematics, 69–74, 78, 100
matrix languages, 97
Mechanization of the World Picture (Dijksterhuis), 5
Mémoires pour servir à l’histoire du jacobinisme (Barruel), 14
Mendoza, Juan Gonzalez de, 63
mentalese language, 93
Mercury (Wilkins), 63
Merleau-Ponty, Maurice, 50
Mersenne, Marin, 78, 90–91
Messiah, 2, 47
metaphorical expression, 86–87, 89, 100, 102–3
metonymy, 87
Mexican civilizations, 67
mimologism, 97
Minerva, 56
Modistae, 39–40, 46
monogenetic hypothesis, 98, 103
monogeneticists, 98, 105
Montesquieu, 15
Montfaucon, Bernard de, 5
Mophtha, Sacred, 62
More, Thomas, 80
morphemathic functions, 90
morphological rules, 105
Moses, 61
Les Mystères de Paris (Sue), 15
Les Mystères du peuple (Sue), 15
myths, 18–20, 29, 65, 100; creation, 23–24, 29; Eldorado, 19; golden age, 101; Masons, 14; unicorn, 54–55, 75
Name Giver, 24, 111
Napoleon III, 15–16
Naturalis Historia (Pliny), 59
neologisms, 88–89
Nilus, Sergej, 17
Nimrod (Charles James Apperley), 33
Nimrud,
