218 , 222 , 227 , 279 Babylonian captivity, 363
Bacchae (Euripides), 15 , 20
Bacchus, 14 -20, 28 , 42 , 43
Back to Methuselah ( Shaw), 791
Bacon, Francis, English philosopher and author ( 1561-1626), 262 , 541
-545, 546 , 547 , 722 ; quoted, 542
Bacon, Sir Nicholas, English jurist and statesman ( 1509-1579), 541 Bacon, Roger, English scholastic philosopher and scientist
( 1214?1294), 451 , 463 -466; quoted, 464 , 465
bacteria, 536
Bactria, 218 , 222
Baghdad, 421 , 422
Bailey, Cyril, cited, 64 *, 66 *, 69 *, 71 *, 245 *; quoted, 240 , 241 , 244 *
Bakunin, Mikhail Aleksandrovich, Russian anarchist and writer
( 18141876), 494
Balkans, 446
Ball, John, English “Socialist” priest (d. 1381), 485
Balliol College, 484
baptism, 308 , 330 , 346 , 363 , 365 , 408 , 460
barbarian and Greek fu-sion, 219 -220, 252
barbarian invasions, of Rome, 194 , 296 , 302 , 306 , 334 , 343 , 366 ,
374 , 738
barbarians, in Western Empire, 302 , 303 , 305 , 308 , 420
Barbarossa. See Frederick I
Bardas, Byzantine regent (d. 866), 396
barometer, 535
Barth, 258 *â€
Basel, 517 , 760 ; Council of, 484 , 498
Basil I, Roman Emperor in the East ( 812 ?- 886 ), 396
Basil, St., Father of the Greek Church ( 330?379), 376
Bavaria, 558
Bayle, Pierre, French philosopher and critic ( 1647-1706), 542 , 559
beans, 31 , 57
Beatific Vision, 758
beauty, 284 , 285 , 290 , 291 , 292 , 294 , 295 , 706
Bec, 417
Beccaria, Cesare Bonesana, Italian economist and jurist ( 1735?-
1794?), 774
Becket, Thomas à , Saint, archbishop of Canterbury ( 1118?-1170),
440
becoming, 49 , 735 , 794 Bede, St. (“the Venerable Bede”), English
scholar and theologian ( 673 735), 395
behaviourists, 774
Behemoth ( Hobbes), 548
being, 55 , 288 -290, 467 , 473 , 733
Bel, 219 , 227
belief(s), 309 , 328 , 418 , 470 , 691 , 694 , 776 , 825 , 826 , 835 ; and behaviour, 822 -823; and Hume, 665 , 671 -673; in progress, 727 ; and Protestants, 470 ; in science, 703 ; and truth, 821 -822. See also will to believe
Bellarmine, Robert ( Roberto Francesco Romolo Bellarmino), Italian
theologian ( 1542-1621), 619
Beloch, Karl Julius, German historian ( 18541929), 10 †; quoted, 21 -22
Benedict IX, Pope (reigned 1032-1045), 412
Benedict (of Nursia), St., founder of monastic order ( 480?-543?), 369 ,
377 381, 387
Benedictine Order, 377 , 378
Benedictine rule, 377 , 381 , 394 , 411 benevolence, 183 -184, 268
Benn, A. W., quoted, 160 , 231 , 280 “Bennet.” See Benedict, St.
Bentham, Jeremy, English philosopher ( 1748-1832), 72 , 229 , 722 , 723 -724, 729 , 768 , 773 -778, 783 ; and Epicurus, 245 , 251 ; and God, 614 ; and justice, 183 ; and liberalism, 600 , 642 , 790 ; and Locke, 605 , 613 , 641 ; politics and economics of, 780 -781; quoted,
722 , 776
Berbers, 420
Berenger or Berengar (Berengarius) of Tours, French theologian ( 9981088), 416 -417
Bergson, Henri, French philosopher ( 1859-1941), 791 -810; and causation, 664 ; and evolution, 792 793; and intuition, 793 , 804 ; and memory, 796 797, 798 , 806 -808; mysticism of, 829 ; and space and time, 766 , 799 , 800 801, 803 , 809 , 810 ; and will, 759 ; quoted, 793 801, 806 -808
Berkeleian idealism, 813 , 818
Berkeley, George ( Bishop of Cloyne), Irish philosopher ( 1685-1753), 647 659, 701 , 813 ; and ego, 663 , 655 ; and empiricism, 546 , 702 , 834 ; and God, 644 , 647 ; and Hume, 659 , 661 ; and Locke, 606 , 641 , 713 ; and politics, 605 , 642 ; and subjectivism, 494 , 713 ; and substance, 662 ; quoted, 648 -650, 652 -654
Berlin, 721 , 730 , 754
Bermudas, 648
Bern, 690
Bernard, St., Benedictine monk (fl. 12 th cent.), 411 , 432 , 437 , 438 -440; quoted, 432 , 439 -440
Berosus, Chaldean priest (fl. 3rd cent. B.C.), 227
Bertha, daughter of Charlemagne, 393
Bessarion, Johannes or Basilius, patriarch of Constantinople
( 1395?1472), 501
Bethlehem, 341 , 342
Bevan, Edwyn, cited, 40 *, 226 *, 234 *, 256 *, 313 ; quoted, 222 , 234 , 238 , 239 , 258 -259
Beyond Good and Evil ( Nietzsche), 762 , 764
Bible, 206 , 512 , 560 , 628 ; and Copernicus, 207 , 527 ; and Erasmus, 514 , 517 ; and Jewish history, 312 , 319 ; and St. Jerome, 335 , 340
-341; quoted, 620 . See also names of individual books; Gospels; New Testament; Old Testament; Pentateuch; Sacred Book; Scriptures; Septuagint; Vulgate
biblical criticism, 570
big business, 646
biology, 169 , 205 , 719 , 727 , 803 , 820 , 823
birth control, 459 , 723
bishops, 376 , 382 , 408 , 410 , 471 , 485 , 486 , 620 , 621 ; and investiture struggle, 412 , 415 ; power of, 329 , 398 , 409 ; and papacy, 382 -383, 390 , 394 , 396 -397, 413 , 431 , 481 . See also episcopate
Bismarck, Otto Eduard Leopold, Prince von, Prussian statesman
( 18151898), 720 , 721 , 752
Black Death, 468
Black Sea, 60
Blake, William, English artist, poet, and mystic ( 1715-1827), 318 , 678
, 679
Boadicea, Queen of the Britons (d. A.D. 62), 260
Board of Trade ( England), 604
Boccaccio, Giovanni, Italian author ( 1313-1375), 434 , 501
body, 137 , 327 , 406 , 605 , 671 , 755 , 821 ; and St. Au-
gustine, 359 , 362 ; and Bergson, 797 -798; and Cartesians, 561 -562, 565 , 566 ; and Plato, 134 , 137 138; and Plotinus, 292 , 293 , 294 ; and Socrates, 141 -142
Boethius, Anicius Manlius Severinus, Roman statesman and philosopher ( 480?-524?), 212 , 303 , 304 , 337 , 369 , 370 -373, 439 ; and medieval philosophy, 418 -419; quoted, 370 -373
Boghaz-Keui, 8
Bogomiles, 448
Bohemia, 448 , 486
Bokhara, 424
Boleyn, Anne, wife of Henry VIII of England ( 1507-1536), 518
Bolingbroke, 1 st Viscount, Henry St. John, English statesman ( 1678-
1751), 642
Bologna, 417 , 434 , 761
Bolshevism, 619
Bonaparte. See Napoleon I
Bonaventura, St., Italian scholastic philosopher ( 1221-1274), 463 , 466
Boniface VIII, Pope (reigned 1294-1303), 469 , 479 -481
Boniface, St., English Benedictine missionary ( 680?-754), 394
Book of Enoch, 317 -319, 320 ; quoted, 319
Book of the Maccabees, first, quoted, 221
Books of the Maccabees, 223
Book of Pastoral Rule ( Gregory the Great), 382
Bordeaux, archbishop of. See Clement V
Borgia, influential Italian family (fl. 15th and 16th cents.), 522 Borgia, Caesar or Cesare, Italian cardinal and politician ( 1475?-1507), 499 ,
505 -506, 507 , 508 , 762
Bosanquet, Bernard, English philosopher ( 18481923), 721
Bossuer, Jacques Bénigne, Bishop of Meaux ( 16271704), 689
Boston, 510
Boswell, James, Scottish lawyer, biographer of Samuel Johnson
( 17401795), 250
Boyle, Robert, British physicist and chemist ( 1627-1691), 536
Bradley, F. H., 405 *, 585 , 721 ; quoted, 417 , 581
Brahe, Tycho, Danish astronomer ( 1546-1601), 529
Brahma, 757
brain, 797 -798, 799 , 808 , 809
Bramhall, John, Bishop of Derry ( 1594-1663), 548
Brazil, 621
Britain, 260 , 366 , 382 , 394 , 436 , 437 , 558
British economics, 783 , 784
British Empire, 193
British imperialism, 776
British Labour Party, 789
British legislation, 777
British philosophy, 595 ; and Continental philosophy, 643 -647;
empiricist, 564 , 673 , 701 -703, 721 , 784 , 786
British policy, 777
British radicalism, 773 . See also Philosophical Radicalism
Bromios, 20
bronze, 6 , 8
Brook Farm, 679
brotherhood of man, 231 , 263 , 264 , 266 , 282
Browne, Sir Thomas, English physician and author ( 1605-1682), 516
Brunichild, Queen of the Franks (fl. ca. 599), 384
Bruno of Cologne, St., founder of Carthusian Order ( 1030?-1101), 411
Bruno of Toul. See Leo IX
Brunswick, 582
Brutus, Marcus Junius, Roman politician ( 85-42 B.C.), 469 -470, 506
Buchanan, George, Scottish author ( 1506-1582), 618 , 619
Buddha (Gautama Buddha), Indian philosopher, founder of Buddhism ( 563?-483? B.C.), 12 , 754 , 771 -772
Buddhism, 218 , 222 , 227 , 282 , 694 , 753 , 757 , 765 , 771 , 815
Bulgaria, 448 bull, 5 , 13 , 14 , 330
bull-fights, 7
Burckhardt, Jakob, Swiss historian of art and literature ( 1818-1897), cited, 502 *, 503 *
Burghley, Lord. See Cecil
Burgundy, 431
Buridan’s ass, 213
Burke, Edmund, British statesman ( 1729-1797), quoted, 690
Burnet, John, Scottish classical scholar ( 18631928), 82 ; cited, 26 *, 55
, 66 *, 85 ; quoted, 22 -23, 32 , 33 , 49 *, 65 , 69 *, 83
Burns, C. Delisle, 468 ; quoted, 391 -392
Burr, Dr., 681
Burtt, E. A., quoted, 527
Bury, 97 ; cited, 75 , 95 *; quoted, 98
Bury, 386 * business man, 314
Butler, Samuel, English satirist ( 1835-1902), 286
Byron, George Gordon (6th Baron Byron), English poet ( 1788-1824), 482 , 600 , 680 , 682 , 746 752, 780 ; heroes of, 645 , 749 ; and liberalism, 642 , 746 ; and nationalism, 683 , 752 ; and Nietzsche, 749 750, 761 ; and romanti-
cism, 681 , 719 , 824 ; quoted, 683 , 697 , 748 , 750 , 752
Byzantine architecture, 407
Byzantine civilization in Sicily, 443
Byzantine culture, as transmitter, 427
Byzantine Empire, 212 , 274 , 382 , 386 , 420 , 478 ; and Gregory the Great, 303 , 383 ; and Lombards, 305 , 374 -375, 388 , 389 ; and papacy, 388 -391, 396 . See also Eastern Empire
Byzantine ideology, 400
Byzantine refugees, 486
Byzantine scholarship, and Renaissance, 501
Cadiz, 259 â€
Caesar, 263 , 306
Caesar, Caius Julius, Roman statesman ( 100-44 B.C.), 117 , 248 , 271 ,
272 , 470 , 506 , 739 , 821 , 826
Cagliari, 383
Cagliostro, Count Alessandro di (Giuseppe Balsamo), Sicilian impostor
( 1743-1795), 761
Cain, 360 , 749
Cairo, 428
