“be seen”; cf. Targum.
c-c Emendation yields “with fatted calves.”
d I.e., Edom’s.
e-e Meaning of Heb. uncertain.
f I.e., He shall plan chaos and emptiness for it; cf. 28.17; Lam. 2.8.
g Most of the creatures in vv. 14–15 cannot be identified with certainty.
h A kind of demon.
i Heb. “My.”
a Lit. “crocus.”
b Meaning of Heb. uncertain; emendation yields “a marsh.”
c Cf. 34.13.
d Emendation yields “for His people.”
e-e Meaning of Heb. uncertain.
a Chaps. 36–39 occur also as 2 Kings 18.13–20.19, with a number of variants, some of which will be cited here in the footnotes.
b An Assyrian title; cf. “Tartan,” 20.1.
c 2 Kings 18.20 “You must think.”
d I.e., to my representative the Rabshakeh.
c I.e., the gods of Samaria.
a-a I.e., the situation is desperate, and we are at a loss.
b Lit. “put a spirit in.”
c Lit. “fathers.”
d So 2 Kings 19.17, and 13 mss. here; most mss. and editions read “lands.”
e Supplied from 2 Kings 19.19.
f-f Lit. “Its farmland forest”; exact meaning of Heb. uncertain.
g Or “dug”; meaning of Heb. uncertain.
h-h So ms. IQIsa; cf. 2 Kings 19.26. The usual reading in our passage means, literally, “and a field [?] before standing grain.”
i I.e., Hezekiah.
j Supplied from 2 Kings 19.35.
a Heb. “steps.” A model of a dial with steps has been discovered in Egypt.
b Meaning of verse uncertain in part.
c I.e., visit His Temple. For “Yah” see 12.2; 26.4.
d-d Meaning of Heb. uncertain.
e Heb. singular.
f Neginothai is a poetic form of neginoth.
a-a Lit. “there shall be safety and faithfulness in.”
a-a IQIsa and Septuagint read “And I asked.”
b The reward and recompense to the cities of Judah; cf. Jer. 31.14, 16.
c Heb. shalish “third,” probably a third of an ephah.
d-d Meaning of Heb. uncertain.
e Heb. mesukkan; according to a Jewish tradition, preserved by Jerome, a kind of wood; a similar word denotes a kind of wood in Akkadian.
f Alluding to a popular belief that eagles regain their youth when they molt; cf. Ps. 103.5.
a-a Connection of Heb. uncertain.
b Lit. “victory.”
c Heb. “his.”
d ’rh has this meaning in Old Aramaic.
e-e Emendation yields “maggot.”
f I.e., on the homeward march through the desert.
g Taking yaggishu intransitively; cf. hiqriv. Exod. 14.10.
h I.e., former prophecies by your gods which have been fulfilled.
i Change of vocalization yields “fear”; cf. v. 10.
j-j Meaning of Heb. uncertain.
a-a Or “A bruised reed, he shall not be broken; / A dim wick, he shall not be snuffed out.”
b-b Lit. “covenants of a people”; meaning of Heb. uncertain.
c-c See 49.6 and note.
d-d An idiom meaning “freeing the imprisoned”; cf. 61.1.
e-e Emendation yields “Let the sea roar and its creatures,/The coastlands.…” Cf. Ps. 98.7.
f-f Lit. “from of old.”
g Emendation yields “desert.”
h Meaning of Heb. uncertain.
i-i Heb “you give.”
j Meaning of verse uncertain; cf. 43.9–12.
k Heb. “we.”
a I.e., that the other nations’ gods are real.
b Emendation yields “they.”
c-c Meaning of Heb. uncertain.
d Understanding hosi, here, as equivalent to Aramaic shesi.
e IQIsa reads “paths”; cf. v. 16.
f I.e., in order to put an end to the profanation of My holy name; cf. 48.9–11.
g-g Emendation yields “My holy name”; see preceding note.
h Emendation yields “insult.”
a A name of Israel; see note on Num. 23.10; cf. Deut. 32.15; 33.5, 26.
b Lit. “in among.”
c It was customary to mark a slave with the owner’s name.
d Meaning of verse uncertain.
e The meaning of parts of vv. 12–13 is uncertain.
f I.e., the image he is making.
g Transposing the Heb. verbs for clarity.
h Lit. “see.”
i Lit. “He shepherds ashes.”
j Emendation yields “them,” these things.
k Lit. “with none beside me,” or (following many Heb. mss., kethib, and ancient versions) “who was with me?”
l Heb. “His.”
m I.e., the king whom I have designated.
a-a Heb. “I have.” Cf. note at 8.11.
b-b I.e., I made them helpless; one who wished to move freely belted his garment around the waist; cf. “engird,” v. 5.
c-c Meaning of Heb. uncertain.
d-d Emendation yields “To its maker, ‘You have no hands’?”
e-e Heb. imperative.
f I.e., Cyrus.
g-g Emendation yields “bearing tribute.” For “tribute” cf. Ezra 4.20; 6.8; Neh. 5.4.
h-h Emendation yields “Only in the LORD/Are there victory and might for man.”
i-i Lit. “come to”; for this idiom cf. Ps. 65.3; Job 6.20.
a Babylonian deities.
b Emendation yields “they.”
c Emendation yields “him who carried [them]”; cf. Targum.
d Lit. “beam [of the balance].”
e-e Meaning of Heb. uncertain.
f I.e., Cyrus; cf. 41.2–3; 44.28–45.1.
g-g Septuagint reads, “who have lost heart.”
a-a Meaning of Heb. uncertain; emendation yields “And not be appeased,/Says our Redeemer, whose name is LORD of Hosts,/The Holy One of Israel.”
b-b Meaning of Heb. uncertain; emendation yields “bribe.”
c-c Taking ‘aras as a variant of ‘asar; cf. 2 Chron. 20.37.
d Meaning of Heb. uncertain.
a Emendation yields “loins.”
b Heb. “they.”
c-c Emendation yields “the holy people.”
d-d Meaning of Heb. uncertain.
e These words are supplied in some ancient versions; cf. v. 9.
f Heb. “them.”
g I.e., I foretola’ it through prophets.
h-h Lit. “and His spirit.”
a I.e., the agent of good fortune; cf. 42.1–4; 51.4–5.
b-b Meaning of Heb. uncertain. Emendation yields “Whose being is despised,/Whose body is detested”; cf. 51.23.
c-c See note b-b at 42.6.
d 1QIsa reads “the Syenians”; cf. Ezek. 30.6.
e-e Lit. “of your bereavement.”
f Meaning of Heb. uncertain.
a The mother (the country) has not been formally divorced, nor the children (the people) sold because of poverty. Therefore there is no obstacle to their restoration.
b-b Change of vocalization yields “on the parched ground”; cf. 44.3.
c-c Meaning of Heb. uncertain.
d I.e., as opponents in court; cf. Num. 35.12.
e-e Emendation yields “Lighters of.”
a-a Several mss. read “O peoples…O nations”; cf. end of this verse and v. 5.
b I.e., through My servant Israel; cf. 42.1–4; 49.6.
c-c Lit. “judge.”
d-d Emendation yields “like gnats.”
e Heb. sas, another word for “moth.”
f Names of primeval monsters.
g Meaning of verse uncertain. Emendation yields (cf. Jer. 11.19; Job 14.7–9) “Quickly the tree buds anew;/It does not die though cut down, | And its sap does not fail.”
h-h I.e., I have chosen you to be a prophet-nation; cf. 49.2; 59.21.
i Emendation yields “stretched out”; cf. Syriac version and v. 13.
j To guide a drunken parent home was a recognized filial duty in ancient Canaan and Egypt.
k-k Several ancient versions render “who can.”
l A figure of speech for a dire fate; cf. Jer. 25.15 ff.
a Whereas the Israelites themselves sought hospitality in Egypt, Assyria (i.e., the Chaldean Empire) has exiled them by force.
b Cf. Ezra 1.7–8; 5.14–15.
c Heb. “you.”
d Meaning of Heb. uncertain.
a-a I.e., the vindication which the arm of the LORD effects.
b-b Meaning of Heb. uncertain.
c-c I.e., as a leper; cf. Lev. 13.45 ff.
d-d Emendation yields “And his tomb with evildoers.”
e Emendation yields “His arm,” i.e., His vindication; cf. v. 1 with note.
f I.e., the arm of the Lord; see preceding note.
g For this sense of da‘ath see 11.2, 9.
a-a Lit. “Let the cloths of your dwelling extend.”
b I.e., the foreigners who had occupied regions from which Israelites had been exiled; cf. 2 Kings 17.24.
c Other Heb. mss. and the ancient versions read “days.”
d Taking pukh as a byform of nophekh; so already Rashi.
e Meaning of verse uncertain.
a-a Cf. 2 Sam. 22.44–45//Ps. 18.44–45.
b Cf. Targum; others “witness.”
c Emendation yields “words”; cf. v. 11 and 40.8.
d-d Lit. “seed for the sower and bread for the eater.”
e I.e., leave the Babylonian exile.
a Heb. “his.”
b Meaning of Heb. uncertain.
c-c Meaning of Heb. uncertain. Emendation yields “Neither do the shepherds ever know sufficiency (hon).” Cf. hon in Prov. 30.15, 16.
a-a Heb. “They shall have rest on their couches.”
b Lit. “she acts the harlot.”
c I.e., in some frenzied idolatrous rite.
d Heb. “under.”
e-e Meaning of Heb. uncertain.
f The cult-trees referred to above in v. 5.
g I.e., with the objects behind door and doorpost.
h Like Ugaritic yd, from root ydd, “to love.”
i Or “Molech.”
j I.e., you have brought tribute to alien cults as to a king.
k-k Emendation yields “Them you dreaded and feared, / And so you gave them thought.”
l-l Emendation yields “and shut My eyes.”
m-m Lit. “your retribution and your deeds.”
n-n Brought up from v. 13 for clarity.
o I.e., Israel’s. Cf. “My people,” v. 14.
p-p Meaning of Heb. uncertain. Emendation yields “When they have walked broken in the contrition of their hearts.”
q Lit. “the vigor of”; cf. Eccl. 12.1 and postbiblical bori.
r The Heb. nib is otherwise unknown; its meaning is inferred from that of nid (cf. the verb nad “to condole”) in the parallel expression in Job 16.5.
a-a Change of vocalization yields “lawlessness”; cf. mutteh, Ezek. 9.9.
b-b Lit. “Extending the finger.”
c Some Heb. mss. and ancient versions read “bread.”
d-d Meaning of Heb. uncertain.
e-e Lit. “turn back your foot from.”
f-f Cf. Ps. 37.4; Job 22.26–27; 27.10.
a Or “blood.”
b-b Meaning of Heb. uncertain. Emendation yields “In the daytime.…”
c Lit. “heart”; see note at 33.18 and frequently elsewhere.
d Cf. Ps. 98.1–2.
e-e Meaning of Heb. uncertain.
f Or (with a number of mss. and editions) “see.”
g I.e., the gift of prophecy; cf., e.g., 61.1.
h Israel is to be a prophet-nation; cf. 51.16.
a Emendation yields “coastlands.”
b-b Emendation yields “The vessels of the coastlands are gathering.”
c-c See note at 2.16.
d I.e., of the people of the coastlands.
e Lit. “breasts of kings” or “breasts of kingdoms.”
f So 1QIsa, Septuagint, and Targum.
a-a Meaning of Heb. uncertain.
b-b Emendation yields “They inherited disgrace as their portion.”
c-c Emendation yields “the robbing of wages.”
a-a Change of vocalization yields “He who rebuilds you.”
b I.e., the watchmen just mentioned.
c See note at 40.10.
a-a Meaning of Heb. uncertain; emendation yields “striding.”
b-b Change of vocalization yields “Who contest triumphantly”; cf. 19.20.
c Lit. “in a press.”
d-d Emendation yields “Peoples, and.…”
e Meaning of Heb. uncertain.
f-f Many mss. read wesidqathi “My victorious [right hand]”; cf. 59.16.
g-g Many mss. and Targum read “I shattered them in”; cf. 14.25.
h-h Ancient versions read “So He was their Deliverer/9In all their troubles./No [so kethib] angel or messenger,/His own Presence delivered them.” Cf. Deut. 4.37 and note.
i Heb. “he.”
j-j Heb. moshe ‘ammo, a play on the name