a-a Lit. “you shall offer your.”
b Others “feathers.”
a Exact meaning of Heb. uncertain.
a Others “peace offering.” Exact meaning of shelamim uncertain.
a So traditionally; more precisely “offering of purgation.”
b Cf. 1.11.
c Lit. “people of the country.”
a Namely, against one who withholds testimony.
b Lit. “utters with his lips.”
c I.e., in currency; cf. v. 15.
d Meaning of Heb. uncertain.
e I.e., in currency; cf. v. 15.
a Or “their.”
b Meaning of Heb. tuphine uncertain.
c Cf. 1.11.
a Lit. “offering.”
b Heb. sheqes. lit. “abomination”; several mss. and ancient versions read sheres “swarming things.”
c I.e., hard, coarse fat (suet); cf. 3.3–5.
d Lit. “anointment,” i.e., accruing from anointment.
c Lit. “brought forward.”
a See note on Exod. 28.30.
b Or “lobe.”
c Or, vocalizing suwwethi, “I have been commanded”; cf. below, v. 35 and 10.13.
a See Exod. 29. 38–46.
b This word moved up from v. 21 for clarity.
a-a Others “before.”
b-b Or “dishevel your hair.”
c As is done in the case of the most solemn offerings; see 4.3–21; 16.11–17.
a Lit. “brings up.”
b A number of these cannot be identified with certainty.
c I.e., if the food then came in contact with the carcass of any animal named in vv. 29–30.
d I.e., a vessel that had become contaminated by such contact.
a Heb. tazria‘, lit. “brings forth seed.”
b Meaning of Heb. uncertain.
c See note at 4.3.
a Or “he shall be brought.”
b Heb. sara’ath is used for a variety of diseases. Where a human being is declared unclean by reason of sara’ath, the traditional translation “leprosy” has been retained without regard to modern medical terminology.
c See note a at 12.2.
d-d Others “quick raw flesh.”
e See note at 10.6.
f Or “yellow.”
g Meaning of Heb. pehetheth uncertain.
a Cf. note a at 13.2.
b See 1.11; 4.23.
c Or “yellowish.”
d Meaning of Heb. sheqa‘aruroth uncertain.
e Lit. “dust,” “mud.”
a Lit. “flesh.”
a Lit. “at any time.”
b Moved up from v. 8 for clarity.
c Meaning of Heb. ‘itti uncertain.
a-a A man and his wife are one flesh (Gen. 2.24). even if he should die or divorce her.
b Meaning uncertain.
a-a Others “go about as a talebearer among”; meaning of Heb. uncertain.
b-b Lit. “stand upon”; precise meaning of Heb. phrase uncertain.
c Exact force of we- uncertain.
d Heb. root ‘rl, commonly “to be uncircumcised.”
a Lit. “cut off.”
a-a Lit. “as a husband among his kin”; meaning uncertain.
b See note at 10.6.
c-c Or “mutilated or has a limb too long.”
a See chapters 13 and 15.
b Or “unspecified” or “extraordinary”; meaning of Heb. lephallc uncertain.
c I.e., mutilations.
a I.e., of the new crop.
b Meaning of Heb. uncertain.
c Others “Tabernacles.”
d Precise meaning of Heb. ‘asereth uncertain.
e Others “goodly”; exact meaning of Heb. hadar uncertain. Traditionally the product is understood as “citron.”
f Meaning of Heb. aboth uncertain.
a See note at Exod. 31.8.
b See Lev. 2.2.
c Lit. “the son of an Israelite woman.”
a Others “liberty.”
b Heb. yobel, “ram” or “ram’s horn.”
c I.e., fellow Israelite; see v. 46.
d I.e., the closest relative able to redeem the land.
e Meaning of first half of verse uncertain.
f I.e., interest deducted in advance, or interest added at the time of repayment.
a Meaning of Heb. maskith uncertain.
b Precise nature of these ills is uncertain.
c Others “uncircumcised”; lit. “blocked.”
a Cf. note at Lev. 22.21.
b-b Lit. “good or bad.”
Numbers
1 On the first day of the second month, in the second year following the exodus from the land of Egypt, the LORD spoke to Moses in the wilderness of Sinai, in the Tent of Meeting, saying:
2Take a census of the whole Israelite community by the clans of a-its ancestral houses,-a listing the names, every male, head by head. 3You and Aaron shall record them by their groups, from the age of twenty years up, all those in Israel who are able to bear arms. 4Associated with you shall be a man from each tribe, each one the head of his ancestral house.
5These are the names of the men who shall assist you:
From Reuben, Elizur son of Shedeur.
6From Simeon, Shelumiel son of Zurishaddai.
7From Judah, Nahshon son of Amminadab.
8From Issachar, Nethanel son of Zuar.
9From Zebulun, Eliab son of Helon.
10From the sons of Joseph:
from Ephraim, Elishama son of Ammihud;
from Manasseh, Gamaliel son of Pedahzur.
11From Benjamin, Abidan son of Gideoni.
12From Dan, Ahiezer son of Ammishaddai.
13From Asher, Pagiel son of Ochran.
14From Gad, Eliasaph son of Deuel.
15From Naphtali, Ahira son of Enan.
16Those are the elected of the assembly, the chieftains of their ancestral tribes: they are the heads of the contingents of Israel.
17So Moses and Aaron took those men, who were designated by name, 18and on the first day of the second month they convoked the whole community, who were registered by the clans of their ancestral houses— the names of those aged twenty years and over being listed head by head. 19As the LORD had commanded Moses, so he recorded them in the wilderness of Sinai.
20They totaled as follows:
The descendants of Reuben, Israel’s first-born, the registration of the clans of their ancestral house, as listed by name, head by head, all males aged twenty years and over, all who were able to bear arms—21those enrolled from the tribe of Reuben: 46,500.
22Of the descendants of Simeon, the registration of the clans of their ancestral house, their enrollment as listed by name, head by head, all males aged twenty years and over, all who were able to bear arms—23those enrolled from the tribe of Simeon: 59,300.
24Of the descendants of Gad, the registration of the clans of their ancestral house, as listed by name, aged twenty years and over, all who were able to bear arms—25those enrolled from the tribe of Gad: 45,650.
26Of the descendants of Judah, the registration of the clans of their ancestral house, as listed by name, aged twenty years and over, all who were able to bear arms—27those enrolled from the tribe of Judah: 74,600.
28Of the descendants of Issachar, the registration of the clans of their ancestral house, as listed by name, aged twenty years and over, all who were able to bear arms—29those enrolled from the tribe of Issachar: 54,400.
30Of the descendants of Zebulun, the registration of the clans of their ancestral house, as listed by name, aged twenty years and over, all who were able to bear arms—31those enrolled from the tribe of Zebulun: 57,400.
32Of the descendants of Joseph:
Of the descendants of Ephraim, the registration of the clans of their ancestral house, as listed by name, aged twenty years and over, all who were able to bear arms—33those enrolled from the tribe of Ephraim: 40,500.
34Of the descendants of Manasseh, the registration of the clans of their ancestral house, as listed by name, aged twenty years and over, all who were able to bear arms—35those enrolled from the tribe of Manasseh: 32,200.
36Of the descendants of Benjamin, the registration of the clans of their ancestral house, as listed by name, aged twenty years and over, all who were able to bear arms—37those enrolled from the tribe of Benjamin: 35,400.
38Of the descendants of Dan, the registration of the clans of their ancestral house, as listed by name, aged twenty years and over, all who were able to bear arms—39those enrolled from the tribe of Dan: 62,700.
40Of the descendants of Asher, the registration of the clans of their ancestral house, as listed by name, aged twenty years and over, all who were able to bear arms—41those enrolled from the tribe of Asher: 41,500.
42[Of] the descendants of Naphtali, the registration of the clans of their ancestral house as listed by name, aged twenty years and over, all who were able to bear arms—43those enrolled from the tribe of Naphtali: 53,400.
44Those are the enrollments recorded by Moses and Aaron and by the chieftains of Israel, who were twelve in number, one man to each ancestral house. 45All the Israelites, aged twenty years and over, enrolled by ancestral houses, all those in Israel who were able to bear arms—46all who were enrolled came to 603,550.
47The Levites, however, were not recorded among them by their ancestral tribe. 48For the LORD had spoken to Moses, saying: 49Do not on any account enroll the tribe of Levi or take a census of them with the Israelites. 50You shall put the Levites in charge of the Tabernacle of the Pact, all its furnishings, and everything that pertains to it: they shall carry the Tabernacle and all its furnishings, and they shall tend it; and they shall camp around the Tabernacle. 51When the Tabernacle is to set out, the Levites shall take it down, and when the Tabernacle is to be pitched, the Levites shall set it up; any outsider who encroaches shall be put to death. 52The Israelites shall encamp troop by troop, each man with his division and each under his standard. 53The Levites, however, shall camp around the Tabernacle of the Pact, that wrath may not strike the Israelite community; the Levites shall stand guard around the Tabernacle of the Pact.
54The Israelites did accordingly; just as the LORD had commanded Moses, so they did.
2 The LORD spoke to Moses and Aaron, saying: 2The Israelites shall camp each with his standard, under the banners of their ancestral house; they shall camp around the Tent of Meeting at a distance.
3Camped on the front, or east side: the standard of the division of Judah, troop by troop.
Chieftain of the Judites: Nahshon son of Amminadab. 4His troop, as enrolled: 74,600.
5Camping next to it:
The tribe of Issachar.
Chieftain of the Issacharites: Nethanel son of Zuar. 6His troop, as enrolled: 54,400.
7The tribe of Zebulun.
Chieftain of the Zebulunites: Eliab son of Helon. 8His troop, as enrolled: 57,400.
9The total enrolled in the division of Judah: 186,400, for all troops. These shall march first.
10On the south: the standard of the division of Reuben, troop by troop. Chieftain of the Reubenites: Elizur son of Shedeur. 11His troop, as enrolled:
