b Lit. “until this day.”
c Heb. “Caphtor.”
d Lit. “with my feet.”
e I.e., placed under herem, which meant the annihilation of the population. Cf. note b at Num. 21.2; Josh. 6.24.
f Meaning of Heb. uncertain.
a I.e., two-leaf doors.
b Others “Salecah” or “Salchah.”
c-c Lit. “by a man’s forearm.”
d Vv. 12–13 proceed from south to north; vv. 14–16 from north to south.
e I.e., “villages of Jair.”
f Continuing vv. 8–10; cf. 4.47–49.
g I.e., the two and a half tribes.
a-a Lit. “You have been shown to know.”
b Lit. “With His face (or Presence)”; cf. note at Exod. 33.14.
c Cf. “Sirion,” 3.9.
a Tradition varies as to the divisions of the Commandments in vv. 6–18 and the numbering of the verses. Cf. Exod. 20, note a.
a-a According to Ibn Ezra, this phrase connects with the end of v. 1.
b Cf. Rashbam and Ibn Ezra; see Zech. 14.9 Others ‘The LORD our God, the LORD is one.”
c Others “frontlet”; cf. Exod. 13.16.
d Lit. “between your eyes”; cf. Exod. 13.9.
e Cf. Exod. 17.1–7.
f Septuagint and rabbinic quotations read “us.”
a Others “hornet”; meaning of Heb. uncertain. Cf. note at Exod. 23.28.
a Heb. pen moved down from v. 12 for clarity.
b See note at Num. 21.6.
a-a Lit. “the forty days and forty nights that I lay prostrate.”
a Lit. “wells of Bene-jaakan”; cf. Num. 33.31–32.
b “Hor-haggidgad” in Num. 33.32–33.
c-c Lit. “and the heaven of heavens.”
d-d Lit. “the God of gods and the Lord of lords.”
a Syntax of Heb. uncertain.
b-b Lit. “to this day.”
c Lit. “by your foot.”
d I.e., the LORD; Samaritan reads “He.”
e-e Lit. “heart and self.”
f-f See notes on 6.8.
g I.e., Mediterranean.
h-h I.e., who have not proved themselves to you; cf. Hos. 13.4.
a Lit. “the contribution(s) of your hands.”
b I.e., animals that may be eaten (cf. 14.5; Lev. 11.1 ff.), but not specified (Lev. 1.1 ff.).
c-c Lit. “you shall pick up and come.”
a See note on 11.28.
b-b Samaritan reads, “the son of your father or the son of your mother.”
c-c Lit. “your friend who is as yourself.”
a A number of these creatures cannot be identified with certainty.
b I.e., with abundant crops.
c-c Lit. “After a period of three years”; cf. Deut. 26.12.
a-a Cf. 14.28.
a Cf. Exod. 13.4; 23.15; 34.18.
b Lit. “upon it.”
c See note at Lev. 23.36.
d Lit. “you in all.”
a Lit. “three.”
b Nuance of Heb. milliphne uncertain.
a Lit. “its,” i.e. the tribe’s.
b-b Meaning of Heb. uncertain.
a Cf. Num. 35.33–34.
b See note at 17.6.
a Thereby making her his wife legally, even though the marriage has not yet taken place.
b-b Or, “call on it to surrender.”
c See Lev. 27.29.
a Cf. 17.8. Or “skin affection”; cf. 24.8.
b Lit. two-thirds.
a-a I.e., for whom a bride-price had been paid; see 20.7.
a-a I.e., lay claim to what his father had possessed. Cf. Lev. 18.8, 20.11; Ezek. 16.8; Ruth 3.9.
b Meaning of Heb. mamzer uncertain; in Jewish law, the offspring of adultery or incest between Jews.
c I.e., of residence in Israel’s territory.
d I.e., a male prostitute.
a I.e., disqualified for him.
b Cf. Lev. 13.1 ff.
c See Num. 12.10 ff.
a I.e., the basket of v. 4.
b See Deut. 14.28–29.
c Meaning of first part of verse uncertain.
d No part of the tithe may be left as food for the dead.
e Exact nuance of Heb. uncertain.
a Construction of vv. 2–4 uncertain.
b Lit. “whole.”
c Construction of vv. 12–13 uncertain.
d See note at 23.1.
e-e I.e., to acquit the murderer; others “to slay.”
a Lit. “seven.”
b I.e., the LORD recognizes you as His own; cf. Isa. 4.1.
c Exact nature of these afflictions uncertain.
d See Exod. 9.9–10.
e Lit. “numbness of heart.”
f Cf. 20.6.
g See note at 11.28.
a I.e., the curses that violations of the covenant will entail.
b I.e., everything.
c I.e., clan or tribe, v. 17.
d See note at 11.28.
e See 4.19–20.
a Others “captivity.”
b Lit. “sky.”
c Others “circumcise.”
d Septuagint reads “If you obey the commandments of the LORD your God, which.”
a-a An ancient Heb. ms. and the Septuagint read: “When Moses had finished speaking …”; cf. 29.1.
b-b Lit. “come and go.”
c See note at 15.1.
a I.e., may my words be received eagerly; cf. Job 29.22–23.
b Meaning of Heb. uncertain.
c Lit. “fat.”
d-d “kidney fat of.”
e Meaning of Heb. uncertain.
f-f Meaning of Heb. uncertain. Arabic sha’ara suggests the rendering “Whom your fathers did not know.”
g I.e., idols.
h-h Lit. “I said, I will reduce …”; meaning of Heb. ’aph’ehem uncertain.
i Here, apparently, Moses is the speaker; God resumes in v. 32.
j-j I.e., as everyone must admit.
k For Heb. pelilim see Exod. 21.22; cf. Gen. 48.11.
l-l Cf. Isa. 1.24. Others “and repent Himself concerning.”
m Cf. Num. 35.33. Meaning of Heb. uncertain; Ugaritic ’udm‘t “tears” suggests the rendering “And wipe away His people’s tears.” Cf. Isa. 25.8.
a Cf. Meribath-kadesh, 32.51.
b Meaning of Heb. mimino ’eshdath uncertain, perhaps a place name.
c The meaning of vv. 3–5 is uncertain. An alternative rendering, with v. 3 apostrophizing Moses, is: 3Then were, O lover of the people,/All His worshipers in your care;/They followed your lead,/ Accepted your precepts./4Moses charged us with the Teaching/As the heritage of the congregation of Jacob./5Thus was he king in Jeshurun….
d-d Better (vocalizing rab with pathah) “Make his hands strong for him.” Cf. rabbeh, Judg. 9.29.
e-e Lit. “They shall place incense in Your nostril.”
f-f Or “He dwells amid his slopes.”
g Targum Onkelos and two Hebrew manuscripts read: “With the bounty of heaven above” (me‘al for mittal, cf. Gen. 49.25).
h Lit. “Dweller”; cf. Exod. 3.1 ff.
i I.e., the one horn.
j I.e., the other horn.
k-k Meaning of Heb. uncertain; cf. vv. 3–5 (with note c) above, and saphun “esteemed” in post-biblical Heb.
l Meaning of Heb. uncertain.
m Others “fountain.”
a I.e., Mediterranean; cf. note at 11.24.
Prophets
Contents
Nevi’im (Prophets)
Yehoshua (Joshua)
Shoftim (Judges)
Shmuel I (I Samuel)
Shmuel II (II Samuel)
Melachim I (I Kings)
Melachim II (II Kings)
Yeshayahu (Isaiah)
Yirmiyahu (Jeremiah)
Yechezkel (Ezekiel)
The Twelve Minor Prophets
Hoshea (Hosea)
Yoel (Joel)
Amos
Ovadiah (Obadiah)
Yonah (Jonah)
Michah (Micah)
Nachum (Nahum)
Chavakuk (Habakkuk)
Tzefaniah (Zephaniah)
Chaggai (Haggai)
Zechariah
Malachi
Joshua
1 After the death of Moses the servant of the LORD, the LORD said to Joshua son of Nun, Moses’ attendant:
2“My servant Moses is dead. Prepare to cross the Jordan, together with all this people, into the land that I am giving to the Israelites. 3Every spot on which your foot treads I give to you, as I promised Moses. 4Your territory shall extend from the wilderness and the Lebanon to the Great River, the River Euphrates [on the east]—the whole Hittite country— and up to the Mediterraneana Sea on the west. 5No one shall be able to resist you as long as you live. As I was with Moses, so I will be with you; I will not fail you or forsake you.
6“Be strong and resolute, for you shall apportion to this people the land that I swore to their fathers to assign to them. 7But you must be very strong and resolute to observe faithfully all the Teaching that My servant Moses enjoined upon you. Do not deviate from it to the right or to the left, that you may be successful wherever you go. 8Let not this Book of the Teaching cease from your lips, but recite it day and night, so that you may observe faithfully all that is written in it. Only then will you prosper in your undertakings and only then will you be successful.
9“I charge you: Be strong and resolute; do not be terrified or dismayed, for the LORD your God is with you wherever you go.”
10Joshua thereupon gave orders to the officials of the people: 11“Go through the camp and charge the people thus: Get provisions ready, for in three days’ time you are to cross the Jordan, in order to enter and possess the land that the LORD your God is giving you as a possession.”
12Then Joshua said to the Reubenites, the Gadites, and the half-tribe of Manasseh, 13“Remember what Moses the servant of the LORD enjoined upon you, when he said: ‘The LORD your God is granting you a haven; He has assigned this territory to you.’ 14Let your wives, children, and livestock remain in the land that Moses assigned to you b-on this side of-b the Jordan; but every one of your fighting men shall go across armedc in the van of your kinsmen. And you shall assist them 15until the LORD has given your kinsmen a haven, such as you have, and they too have gained possession of the land that the LORD your God has assigned to them. Then you may return to the land on the east side of the Jordan, which Moses the servant of the LORD assigned to you as your possession, and you may possess it.”
16They answered Joshua, “We will do everything you have commanded us and we will go wherever you send us. 17We will obey you just as we obeyed Moses; let but the LORD your God be with you as He was with Moses! 18Any man who flouts your commands and does not obey every order you give him shall be put to death. Only be strong and resolute!”
2 Joshua son of Nun secretly sent two spies from Shittim, saying, “Go, reconnoiter the region of Jericho.” So they set out, and they came to the house of a harlot named Rahab and lodged there. 2The king of Jericho was told, “Some men have come here tonight, Israelites, to spy out the country.” 3The king of Jericho thereupon sent orders to Rahab: “Produce the men who came to you and entered your house, for they have come to spy out the whole country.” 4The woman, however, had taken the two men and hidden them. “It is true,” she said, “the men did come to me, but I didn’t know where they were from. 5And at dark, when the gate was about to be closed, the men left; and I don’t know where the men went. Quick, go after them, for you
