Doublespeak and groupthink are both deliberate elaborations of doublethink, and the adjective “Orwellian” means similar to Orwell’s writings, especially Nineteen Eighty-Four.
The practice of ending words with “-speak” (such as mediaspeak) is drawn from the novel.[98] Orwell is perpetually associated with 1984; in July 1984, an asteroid was discovered by Antonín Mrkos and named after Orwell.
References to the themes, concepts and plot of Nineteen Eighty-Four have appeared frequently in other works, especially in popular music and video entertainment.
An example is the worldwide hit reality television show Big Brother, in which a group of people live together in a large house, isolated from the outside world but continuously watched by television cameras.
In November 2012, the United States government argued before the US Supreme Court that it could continue to utilize GPS tracking of individuals without first seeking a warrant. In response, Justice Stephen Breyer questioned what that means for a democratic society by referencing Nineteen Eighty-Four, stating “If you win this case, then there is nothing to prevent the police or the government from monitoring 24 hours a day the public movement of every citizen of the United States. So if you win, you suddenly produce what sounds like Nineteen Eighty-Four… “
The book touches on the invasion of privacy and ubiquitous surveillance. From mid-2013 it was publicised that the NSA has been secretly monitoring and storing global internet traffic, including the bulk data collection of email and phone call data. Sales of Nineteen Eighty-Four increased by up to seven times within the first week of the 2013 mass surveillance leaks.
Nineteen Eighty-Four was number three on the list of “Top Check Outs Of All Time” by the New York Public Library.
Nineteen Eighty-Four entered the public domain on 1 January 2021, 70 years after Orwell’s death, in most of the world. It is still under copyright in the US until 95 years after publication, or 2044.
Brave New World comparisons
In October 1949, after reading Nineteen Eighty-Four, Huxley sent a letter to Orwell in which he argued that it would be more efficient for rulers to stay in power by the softer touch by allowing citizens to seek pleasure to control them rather than use brute force. He wrote:
Whether in actual fact the policy of the boot-on-the-face can go on indefinitely seems doubtful. My own belief is that the ruling oligarchy will find less arduous and wasteful ways of governing and of satisfying its lust for power, and these ways will resemble those which I described in Brave New World.
…
Within the next generation I believe that the world’s rulers will discover that infant conditioning and narco-hypnosis are more efficient, as instruments of government, than clubs and prisons, and that the lust for power can be just as completely satisfied by suggesting people into loving their servitude as by flogging and kicking them into obedience.
In the decades since the publication of Nineteen Eighty-Four, there have been numerous comparisons to Huxley’s Brave New World, which had been published 17 years earlier, in 1932. They are both predictions of societies dominated by a central government and are both based on extensions of the trends of their times.
However, members of the ruling class of Nineteen Eighty-Four use brutal force, torture and harsh mind control to keep individuals in line, while rulers in Brave New World keep the citizens in line by drugs, hypnosis, genetic conditioning and pleasurable distractions.
Regarding censorship, in Nineteen Eighty-Four the government tightly controls information to keep the population in line, but in Huxley’s world, so much information is published that readers are easily distracted and overlook the information that is relevant.
Elements of both novels can be seen in modern-day societies, with Huxley’s vision being more dominant in the West and Orwell’s vision more prevalent with dictatorships, including those in communist countries (such as in modern-day China and North Korea), as is pointed out in essays that compare the two novels, including Huxley’s own Brave New World Revisited.
Comparisons with later dystopian novels like The Handmaid’s Tale, Virtual Light, The Private Eye and The Children of Men have also been drawn.
In popular culture
In 1955, an episode of BBC’s The Goon Show, 1985, was broadcast, written by Spike Milligan and Eric Sykes and based on Nigel Kneale’s television adaptation. It was re-recorded about a month later with the same script but a slightly different cast. 1985 parodies many of the main scenes in Orwell’s novel.
In 1970, the American rock group Spirit released the song “1984” based on Orwell’s novel.
In 1973, ex-Soft Machine bassist Hugh Hopper released an album called 1984 on the Columbia label (UK), consisting of instrumentals with Orwellian titles such as “Miniluv”, “Minipax”, “Minitrue”, and so forth.
In 1974, David Bowie released the album Diamond Dogs, which is thought to be loosely based on the novel Nineteen Eighty-Four. It includes the tracks “We Are The Dead”, “1984” and “Big Brother”. Before the album was made, Bowie’s management (MainMan) had planned for Bowie and Tony Ingrassia (MainMan’s creative consultant) to co-write and direct a musical production of Orwell’s Nineteen Eighty-Four, but Orwell’s widow refused to give MainMan the rights.
In 1977, the British rock band The Jam released the album This Is the Modern World, which includes the track “Standards” by Paul Weller. This track concludes with the lyrics “…and ignorance is strength, we have God on our side, look, you know what happened to Winston.”
In 1984, Ridley Scott directed a television commercial, “1984”, to launch Apple’s Macintosh computer. The advert stated, “1984 won’t be like 1984”, suggesting that the Apple Mac would be freedom from Big Brother, i.e., the IBM PC.
Rage Against The Machine’s 2000 single, “Testify”, from their album The Battle of Los Angeles, features the use of “The Party” slogan, “Who controls the past(now), controls the future. Who controls the present(now), controls the past.”
An episode of Doctor Who, called “The God Complex”, depicts an alien ship disguised as a hotel containing Room 101-like spaces, and also, like the novel, quotes the nursery rhyme “Oranges and Lemons”.
The two part episode Chain of Command on Star Trek: The Next Generation bears some resemblances to the novel.
Radiohead’s 2003 single “2 + 2 = 5”, from their album Hail to the Thief, is Orwellian by title and content. Thom Yorke states, “I was listening to a lot of political programs on BBC Radio 4. I found myself writing down little nonsense phrases, those Orwellian euphemisms that [the British and American governments] are so fond of. They became the background of the record.”
In September 2009, the English progressive rock band Muse released The Resistance, which included songs influenced by Nineteen Eighty-Four.
In Marilyn Manson’s autobiography The Long Hard Road Out of Hell, he states: “I was thoroughly terrified by the idea of the end of the world and the Antichrist. So I became obsessed with it… reading prophetic books like… 1984 by George Orwell…”
English band Bastille references the novel in their song “Back to the Future”, the fifth track on their 2022 album Give Me the Future, in the opening lyrics: “Feels like we danced into a nightmare/We’re living 1984/If doublethink’s no longer fiction/We’ll dream of Huxley’s Island shores.”
Released in 2004, KAKU P-Model/Susumu Hirasawa’s song Big Brother directly references 1984, and the album itself is about a fictional dystopia in a distant future.
The Used released a song by the same name, “1984”, on their 2020 album Heartwork.
