Reynolds, Sir Joshua, English portrait painter ( 1723-1792), 250
Rheims, 403 , 436
Rheinische Zeitung, 783
Rhine, 271
Rhode Island, 648
Rhodes, 258
Ricardo, David, English economist ( 1772-1823), 635 , 636 , 642 , 781
Richard I (Coeur de Lion), King of England ( 1157-1199), 434
Richard II, King of England ( 1367-1400), 485 , 486
Richard, King of the Visigoths (fl. ca. 587), 384
Richelieu, Armand Jean du Plessis, Duc de, French cardinal and
statesman ( 1585-1642), 555
Rienzi, Cola di (Niccolò Gabrini), Italian patriot ( 1313-1354), 481 -482
rights, 36 , 509 , 551 , 553 , 554 , 627 , 628 , 633 , 695 696; of man, 624 , 629 , 696 , 705 , 711 , 722 , 723 , 727 , 775 -776
Rimmon, 554
Ring des Nibelungen, Der ( Wagner), 760
Rivals, The ( Sheridan), 679
roads, 422
Robert of Geneva. See Clement VII, Antipope
Robespierre, Maximilian Francois Marie Isidore de, French revolutionist
( 1758-1794), 692 , 701 , 723
Roderic, Count of Maine (fl. 8th cent.), 393
Roi Soleil, Le. See Louis XIV
Roland, Madame (Jeanne Manon), wife of Roland de la Platière
( 17541793), 677
Romagna, 499
Roman conquests, 222 , 249
Roman Empire, 258 , 268 , 284 , 322 , 392 , 422 , 477 , 552 , 739 ; ends anarchy, 494 -495; and Christianity, 61 , 218 , 303 , 308 , 325 , 326 , 478 ; and culture, 270 -283, 369 ; fall of, 343 , 738 ; and Greek world, 218 ,
276 -283; memory of, in Middle Ages, 429 , 431 , 446
Roman law, 369 , 373 , 387 , 429 , 431 , 445
Roman peace, 270 -274
Roman republic, 248 , 251 , 429 , 508 , 821
Roman tradition, and Church, 302 , 375 , 389 , 400
Romans, The Epistle of Paul the Apostle to the, 359 *, 365 , 467
romantic movement, romanticism, 494 , 645 , 675 684, 718 , 754 , 777 , 782 ; in Germany, 101 , 703 , 725 ; and industrialism, 727 -728; and Marx, 782 , 783 ; and Nietzsche, 760 , 761 ; and revolt, 677 , 719 , 724
-725; and Rousseau, 600 , 684
Rome, 217 , 261 , 287 , 341 , 350 , 377 , 378 , 394 , 395 , 436 , 526 ; and Africa, 420 ; and St. Ambrose, 335 , 336 ; and Arnold of Brescia, 431
-432; and Attila, 369 ; attacked by Barbarossa, 433 ; bishop of, 382 ; and Byzantines, 375 , 389 -390; Carneades in, 236 , 237 , 238 ; and Charlemagne, 392 , 393 ; and Christianity, 275 , 297 ; civilization of, 262 ; under Cola di Rienzi, 481 482; and culture, 194 , 387 ; and Donation of Constantine, 391 -392; East and, 277 -281, 398 ; economic system of, 262 ; Emperor marches on, 481 ; and Egypt, 218 ; and Euclid, 212 ; fall of, 223 , 399 , 441 ; German emperors crowned in, 392 ; and Great Schism, 482 ; and Gregory the Great, 381 ; Henry IV in, 416 ;
and Greece, 7 , 277 -281, 737 ; and Hellenic world, 217 ; influence of, 100 , 720 ; and Irish culture, 402 ; and Jews, 316 , 321 ; and Jubilee, 479 ; in Justinian’s wars, 374 ; and Lampsacus, 226 ; and Lombards, 389
-390, 429 ; manners in, 236 ; and Milan, 414 ; and monasticism, 376 , 411 ; and papacy, 388 , 389 , 397 398, 408 -409, 412 -413, 415 , 430 , 431 , 481 , 502 ; and politics, 225 , 230 , 509 , 554 ; in Renaissance, 502 , 509 ; ruled by Counts of Tusculum, 411 ; sacked, 305 , 334 , 338 , 343 , 355 -357, 367 , 416 , 498 , 500 , 505 ; and Saracens, 395 ; in 7th cent., 389 ; State religion of, 261 , 275 ; and Stoicism, 230 , 252 , 258 , 259
-270; in 10th cent., 397 -398; and Venice, 496 . See also Roman Empire; Roman republic
Romuald, Saint, Italian Benedictine monk, founder of Camaldolese
Order (950?-1027), 411 , 413
Romulus, 331 , 504
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, 32 nd President of the United States
( 18821945), 685 , 818
Roscelin (Roscellinus), French scholastic philosopher ( 1050?-1112),
416 , 418 , 436 -438, 440
Rose, H. J., cited, 14 *; quoted, 12
Rosen, Edward, 526 *
Rostovtseff, Michael, 332 ; cited, 10‡, 24 *, 275 *, 281 *; quoted, 262
-263, 273
Rothschild, 683
Rotrud, daughter of Charlemagne, 393
Rotterdam, 513
Rousseau, Jean Jacques, French philosopher and author ( 1712-1778), 232 , 515 , 641 , 675 , 684 -701, 722 , 737 , 752 , 791 , 814 ; and St. Augustine, 344 ; and Condorcet, 722 , 723 ; and excitement, 677 ; and French Revolution, 722 ; and God, 585 , 691 -692; and Hume, 660 , 673 , 690 , 691 ; and individualism, 600 ; irrationalism of, 673 ; and Kant, 704 , 712 ; and liberalism, 642 ; and Machiavelli, 511 *, 699 ; and Nazism and Fascism, 790 ; and Nietzsche, 761 , 763 ; and noble savage, 687 ; and politics, 684 , 694 -701; and religion, 690 -694; and revolutionaries, 605 , 700 ; and romanticism, 675 , 678 , 679 , 684 ; and sensibility, 676 , 684 , 686 ; and social contract, 551 , 690 , 694 -701; and Sparta, 94 , 687 , 695 ; and State, 694 -697, 699 , 739 ; and subjectivism, 494 ; and will, 759 ; quoted, 685 -693, 695 -700
Rubicon, 821 , 826
Rudolf, Duke of Swabia (d. 1080), 416
Rudolf II, Emperor ( 15521612), 529
Rufinus, Tyrannius, Latin theologian ( 345 ? 410 ), 341
rugged individualists, 770
Rumania, 634
Russell, Bertrand, 188 , 468 , 786 , 830 ; cited, 773 *; quoted, 826 -827
Russia, 161 , 384 , 555 , 621 , 634 , 635 , 647 , 704 , 719 , 820 ; education in, 728 ; Marxism in, 789 , 790 ; military strength of, 400 ; new society in, 511 ; rationalist revolt in, 725 ; Rousseau and dictatorship in, 701 ; State in, in 1917, 556 . See also South Russia; Soviet Russia; U. S. S. R.
Russian anarchists, 725
Russian Revolution, 634 , 646
Rusticus, Quintus Junius, Roman Stoic philosopher (fl. 2nd cent.), 265
Rutilianus, Roman consul, 279 -280
Sabbath, 118 , 312 , 315 , 317
Sabellian heresy, 333
Sabellius, Christian priest and theologian (fl. 3rd cent.), 333
Sabine women, 357
sacrament(s), 19 , 23 -24 408 , 415 , 460 , 461
Sacred Book, 331 , 477
sacrifice, 11 , 14 , 249 , 312 , 777
Sadducees, 315 , 318
sage, 34
saint(s), 31 , 34 , 91 , 116 , 143 , 175 , 253 , 359 , 362 , 377 , 510 , 766 ,
768
St. Denis, 403 , 437
Saint Gildas, 437
Saint Lambert, Jean François, Marquis de, French poet and
philosopher ( 1716-1803), 692
St. Mark’s Campanile, 809
St. Sophia, 373
Salamis, 13 , 80
Sallust (Caius Sallustius Crispus), Roman historian ( 86-35 B.C.), 343
salvation, 18 , 19 , 230 , 239 , 313 , 524 , 577 , 771 , 792 ; and St. Augusune, 351 , 363 , 365 , 366 ; and Christianity, 308 , 346 ; and St.
Paul, 326 ; and Rousseau, 687 , 693
Salzburg, 394
Samarcand, 218
Samaria, 316
Samos, 29 -30, 131 , 222 , 241
Samson, 356
Samuel, Hebrew judge and prophet, 302 , 429 , 440 ; Books of, 340 *
Sandford and Merton, 793
Sanskrit writings, 423
Santa Claus, 818
Santayana, George, Spanish-born philosopher, poet and author (b. 1863),
203 , 811 -812; quoted, 827
Saracens, 375 , 395 , 397 , 399 , 407
Sardes, 30
Sardinia, 383
Sargon I, King of Babylon ( 2637?-2582 B.C.), 227
Sarmatians, 343
Sarpi, Paolo, Italian philosopher and historian ( 1552-1623), 496
Sartor Resartus ( Carlyle), 751 â€
Satan, 135 , 360 , 376 , 358 , 365 , 379 , 380 , 469 , 480 , 758 ; and
Ahriman, 476
Satanism, 747 , 749 , 752
Satyric drama, 90
Saul, King of Israel (fl. ca. 1025 B.C.), 302 , 429
savage(s), 15 , 112 , 687 , 688 , 693 , 694
Savonarola, Girolamo, Italian Dominican friar and reformer ( 14521498),
487 , 498 , 502 , 503 , 504
Savoy, 685
Savoyard Vicar. SeeConfession of Faith of a . . .
Saxons, 382 , 392 , 401 , 415
Scandinavia, 449 , 523
Scandinavian invasions, 402 , 407
scepticism, 77 , 224 , 570 , 705 , 734 , 787 , 818 ; in Greece and Rome, 59 , 73 , 78 , 218 , 228 , 229 , 233 236, 238 -239, 243 , 276 , 322 ; and Hume,
663 , 670 , 671 , 674
Schelling, Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von, German philosopher
( 17751854), 703 , 718
Schiller, Ferdinand Canning Scott, English philosopher ( 1864-1937), 77 ,
151 *, 792 , 816
schism, 529 . See also Great Schism
Schlegel, Friedrich, German scholar and author ( 1772-1829), 754
Schmeidler, 437
scholasticism, 542 , 544 , 582 ; and Arabs, 283 , 427 ; and Aristotle, 164 , 187 , 196 , 213 , 418 ; and Church, 306 , 785 ; and Descartes, 557 , 567 , 568 , 664 ; and Erasmus, 512 , 513 , 515 ; and free will, 213 ; and God, 585 ; growth of, 407 , 418 , 428 , 429 , 430 , 435 -441; and Hildebrand, 306 , 307 ; and labour theory of value, 635 -636; and Locke, 604 , 609 , 623 ; and logic, 196 , 493 ; at Oxford, 484 , 547 ; and Platonism, 418 ; and Plotinus, 296
