School and Society, The ( Dewey), 819 -820
Schoolmen, 323 , 388 -497, 509 , 786 ; Franciscan, 463 497. See also scholasticism
Schopenhauer, Arthur, German philosopher ( 1788-1860), 673 , 719 , 724 ,
753 -759, 760 ; quoted, 756 , 757
science, 22 , 34 , 42 , 58 , 116 , 118 , 527 , 664 , 678 , 826 , 834 ; in Alexandria, 61 , 223 ; and Aristotle, 67 , 73 , 159 , 202 , 203 , 205 , 478 ; and St. Augustine, 349 ; and Babylonia, 5 -6; and Francis Bacon, 541 , 542 , 544 ; and Roger Bacon, 463 , 465 , 466 ; and Bergson, 798 , 803 ; and causation, 664 ; and civilization, 16 , 399 -400; and Descartes, 560 , 561 , 568 ; and Dewey, 816 , 827 ; and economics, 138 , 724 ; and empiricism, 92 -93, 546 , 703 , 828 , 834 ; and Epicurus, 247 ; and ethics, 181 , 780 ; and flux, 45 , 46 47; and geometry, 36 , 39 ; and Greeks, 3 , 11 , 12 , 22 , 23 , 32 , 38 , 39 , 218 , 220 , 297 ; and Hume, 664 , 671 ; and hypotheses, 28 -29, 131 ; and induction, 674 ; and instruments, 535 -536; and James, 811 ; and Kant, 705 , 706 , 721 ; and knowledge, 67 , 834 ; and liberalism, 598 , 790 ; and Machiavelli, 504 , 510 ; and Marx, 782 , 783 , 789 , 790 ; and mind and matter, 134 ; modern, 65 , 66 , 491 , 492 ; in 19th cent., 719 , 725 ; and Occam, 473 , 475 ; and optimism, 759 ; and philosophy, 492 493, 722 , 787 , 788 , 834 ; and Plato, 60 , 1155, 126 ; and pre-Socratics, 24 , 26 29, 41 , 53 -55, 57 , 61 , 63 -66, 73 ; and purpose, 67 , 73 ; and Pythagoreanism, 32 , 33 , 53 ; and quantum physics, 151 *; and Renaissance, 67 , 495 , 516 ; and Rousseau, 687 ; and scepticism, 234 , 239 ; and scholasticism, 435 ; of 17th cent., 492 , 516 , 525 540, 719 , 725 ; and Socrates, 86 , 91 , 137 , 142 , 143 ; and Spinoza, 570 , 578 ; and Stoics, 258 , 259 , 269 ; and technique, 195 , 494 , 727 ; and truth, 599 , 671 , 836 . See also empiricism
«Science and Religion» (Burner), 22
«Scientific Instruments» ( A. Wolf), 535 *
Scipio, Roman patrician family, 342
Scipio («the Elder»), Publius Cornelius (Africanus Maior), Roman general
(234?-183 B.C.), 357
Scipio («the Younger»), Publius Cornelius (Aemilianus Africanus Minor),
Roman general ( 1857-129 B.C.), 258 , 276
Scofists, 513
Scotland, 386 , 466 , 482 , 621 ; Church of, 620
Scott, Michael, classical
scholar and translator (fl. early 13th cent.), 427
Scott, Sir Walter, Scottish novelist and poet ( 17711832), 831
Scribes, 319
script, 7 , 9 . See also writing
Scriptures, 322 , 328 , 352 , 361 , 366 , 437 , 460 , 465 , 470 , 478 , 528
Scythia, 343
Sebastian, St., Roman Christian martyr (?-288), 805
Second Coming, 364 , 790
secondary qualifies, 605 606, 650 , 654 , 712
security, 509 , 775 , 776
Seeliger, Dr. Gerhard, quoted, 393
Select Library of Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers, 341 *
Seleucia, 222
Seleucids, 222 , 226 , 258 , 313
Seleucus, Greek astronomer (fl. ca. 150 B.C.), 215 , 222 *
Seleucus I (Nicator), King of Babylon, founder of Seleucid empire ( 358?-
280 B.C.), 221 , 222
self, 297 , 319 , 662 -663, 682 , 702 ; -assertion, 747 ; -consciousness, 734 ; -criticism, 127 ; -development, 682 ; -government, 275 ; -interest, 614 , 647 , 681 , 698 ; -murder, 33 ; -realization, 684 ; -torture, 757 . See also ego
Semele, 17
semi-Pelagian heresy, 364 365
Semites, 4
Senate ( Rome), 237 , 271 274, 280 , 336 , 337 , 369 , 392 , 508
Seneca, Lucius Annaeus, Roman Stoic philosopher ( 3? B.C.-65 A.D.),
227 , 252 , 254 , 256 , 259 , 260 , 349 , 370 , 464 ; quoted, 227
Sens, 437
sensation, 147 , 610 , 612 , 650 , 707 , 713 , 784
sense(s), 34 -35, 37 , 48 , 77 , 233 , 286 , 649 , 702 ; -perception, 68 , 72 , 140 , 141 , 734 ; and Plato, 73 , 105 , 121 , 124 , 125 , 134 , 149 , 150 ,
152 -154; and Socrates, 136 , 141 ; and Stoics, 253 , 269
Sense and Sensibility ( Austen), 679
sensibility, 675 , 684 , 686
sensible world, 105 , 291 292, 296 , 309 , 358
sentences, 202
Septuagint, 321 -322, 340 , 360 , 361
sequence and causation, 666 , 668 , 669
serfdom, 4 , 8 , 94 , 275 , 634 , 647 , 720
Sergius III, Pope (reigned 904 -911), 398
Sermon on the Mount, 133 , 319
serpent, 324
seven, 534
Seven Wise Men of Greece, 25 -26
Seven Years’ War, 704
Seville, 382 , 425
sex, 54 , 72 , 245 , 325 , 332 , 359 -360, 406 , 447 , 459 460, 756
Sextus Empiricus, Greek physician and Skeptic philosopher (ft. late 2nd
and early 3rd cents.), 215 , 238 , 265
Sforza, Italian ducal family, rulers of Milan (fl. 1447-1535), 496
Shaftesbury (Anthony Ashley Cooper), 1st Earl of, English statesman
( 1621-1683), 604
Shahnama ( Firdousi), 423
Shakespeare, William ( 1564-1616), 50 , 516 , 523 , 536 , 722 , 726 , 810 ;
quoted, 31 †, 46 , 173 , 516 , 767
Shanghai, 220 , 435
Shaw, George Bernard, Irish dramatist and critic (b. 1856), 791
Shell advertisement, 152 *
Shelley, Mary Wollstonecraft, née Godwin, English novelist ( 1797-
1851), 680
Shelley, Percy Bysshe, English poet ( 17921822), 72 , 229 , 248 , 642 , 679 , 680 , 749 , 810 ; quoted, 72 , 642 *
Shem, 618
Sheol, 318 , 319
Sheridan, Richard Brinsley, Irish playwright ( 1751-1816), 679
Shiah, 421
Shinto ideology, 400
ship-money, 638
Siam, 608
Sibyl, 42
Sic et Non ( Abélard), 437
Sicilian Vespers, 499
Sicily: and Emperor Frederick II, 443 , 445 ; and Greeks, 8 , 9 , 23 , 30 *, 48 , 53 , 55 , 58 , 80 , 118 , 223 ; and Lombard League, 433 ; and Mohammedans, 283 , 419 ; and Naples, 499 ; and Normans, 305 , 397 ,
399 , 407 , 442 , 443 ; and papacy, 442 ; and Saracens, 395 , 399 , 407
Sidon, 220
Siegfried, 760
Sigwart, 721
Silenus, 90
silver, 111 , 113
Simeon Stylites, St.,
Syrian ascetic (390?459), 376
Simmias, 142
Simon de Monffort, 442 443
simony, 382 , 384 , 409 -410, 412 , 413 , 414
simple life, 232
sin, 319 , 346 , 355 , 371 , 460 , 538 , 562 , 589 ; and St. Augustine, 345 -348, 350 , 359 , 365 ; and Greeks, 21 , 31 , 56 -57, 259 , 292 , 296 ; and Jews, 318 , 319 , 345 -346; and John the Scot, 404 , 405 , 406 ; of priests, 461 ; and Spinoza, 572 , 579 . See also original sin
Singapore, 220
singulars, 457
Sinope, 231
skill, 507
slave morality, 765
slavery, 15 , 24 , 34 , 72 *, 109 , 225 , 231 , 237 , 314 , 384 , 422 ; and Aristotle, 174 , 183 , 186 , 189 , 192 , 193 ; and Epictetus, 263 , 264 ; in
Greece, 9 , 74 , 194 ; in Rome, 262 , 270 , 272 , 278
Slavs, 383 , 783
Smith, Ebenezer Wilkes, 814 -815
Smith, Sydney, English essayist ( 1771-1845 ), 189 *
Smollett, Tobias George, English novelist ( 17211771), 678
Smuts, Jan Christiaan, Marshal, South African soldier and statesman (b.
1870), 744
social behaviour, 681 , 683 684
social causation, 786 , 787
social circumstances, social environment, 261 , 301 , 596 -597, 787 , 826 -827
social cohesion, 225
social contract, 244 , 550 551, 623 , 626 , 629 -633, 640 , 690 , 694 -701
Social Contract, The ( Rousseau), 690 , 694 -701
Social Democratic Party, 789
social disapproval, 15
social disaster, 828
Social and Economic History of the Roman Empire, The ( Rostovtseff), 262 *
social good, 179
social injustice, 637
social order, 495
social organization (s), 503 , 742
social power, 494 , 827
social progress, 285
«Social Question in the Third Century, The» ( Tarn), 225 *â€
social revolution, 783
social science, 777
social structure, and machine production, 719
social system(s), 8 -9, 34 , 177 , 422 , 503 , 522 , 787
social temper, of British empiricists, 701
socialism, 491 , 634 , 636 , 683 , 728 , 781 , 783 ; in England, 485 , 724 , 773 , 780 , 781 -782, 789 ; and Marx, 363 , 782 , 788 ; and Nietzsche,
763 , 765 , 767
society, 228 , 229 , 684 , 820
Socrates, Greek philosopher ( 469-399 B.C.), 59 , 60 , 80 , 82 -93, 122 , 139 , 151 , 162 , 224 , 273 ; and Aristophanes, 59 , 80 ; and Aristotle’s logic, 196 , 197 , 198 , 200 -201; and Boethius, 370 , 371 ; character of, 90 -91, 134 -135, 558 ; and ethics, 73 , 107 , 573 ; and Greek philosophers, 48 , 63 , 64 , 66 , 73 , 105 , 106 , 230 , 253 ; and justice, 116 -117; and knowledge, 136 -138, 149 , 150 ; and mathematics, 209 , 211 ; and Nietzsche, 761 ; prosecution and death of, 62 , 79 , 81 , 82 , 84 -89, 132 , 133 -134, 161 , 194 ,
