S5 See MODAL LOGIC.

Saadiah Gaon (882–942), Jewish exegete, philosopher, liturgist, grammarian, and lexicographer. Born in...

sage See SHENG.

Saint Petersburg paradox a puzzle about gambling that motivated the distinction between expected...

Saint-Simon Comte de, title of Claude-Henri de Rouvroy (1760–1825), French social...

Sakti in Hindu thought, force, power, or energy, personified as the...

Saktism See SAKTI.

salva veritate See SUBSTITUTIVITY SALVA VERI -. TAT. samadhi, Sanskrit term meaning...

samanantara-pratyaya in Buddhism, a causal term meaning 'immediately antecedent (anantara) and...

samatha in Buddhism, tranquillity or calm. The term is used to...

Samhita See VEDAS.

Samkara See SHAGKARA.

samsara (Sanskrit, 'going around'), in Hindu thought, the ceaseless rounds of...

Sanches Francisco (c.1551–1623), Portugueseborn philosopher and physician. Raised in southern France,...

sanction anything whose function is to penalize or reward. It is...

Sankara See SHANKARA.

Sankhya-Yoga a system of Hindu thought that posits two sorts of...

Santayana George (1863–1952), Spanish- American philosopher and writer. Born in Spain,...

Sapir-Whorf hypothesis broadly, the claim that one's perception, thought, and behavior are...

Sartre Jean-Paul (1905–80), French philosopher and writer, the leading advocate of...

sat/chit/ananda also saccidananda, three Sanskrit terms combined to refer to the...

satisfaction an auxiliary semantic notion introduced by Tarski in order to...

satisfaction conditions See SEARLE.

satisfiable having a common model, a structure in which all the...

satisfice to choose or do the good enough rather than the...

saturated See FREGE.

Saussure Ferdinand de (1857–1913), Swiss linguist and founder of the school...

scalar implicature See IMPLICATURE.

scepticism See SKEPTICISM.

Schadenfreude See VALUE.