Argumentum ad misericordiam See INFORMAL FAL -. LAC.

Argumentum ad populum See INFORMAL FALLACY.

Argumentum consensus See INFORMAL FALLACY.

Arianism diverse but related teachings in early Christianity that subordinated the...

Aristippus of Cyrene See CYRENAICS. Aristotle (384–322 B.C.), preeminent Greek philosopher born in...

Aristotle, commentaries on See COMMENTARIES ON. ARISTOTL.

Arithmetic hierarchy See HIERARCHY.

Arity See DEGREE.

Arius See ARIANISM.

Arminianism See ARMINIUS.

Arminius Jacobus (1560–1609), Dutch theologian who, as a Dutch Reformed pastor...

Armstrong David M. (b.1926), Australian philosopher of mind and metaphysician, and...

Arnauld Antoine (1612–94), French theologian and philosopher, perhaps the most important...

Arouet, François-Marie See VOLTAIRE.

Arrow paradox See ZENO'S PARADOXES. Arrow's paradox, also called Arrow's (impossibility) theorem,...

Arrow’s theorem See ARROW's PARADOX.

Art, philosophy of See AESTHETICS.

Art, representational theory of See MIMESIS.

Artifactuality See INSTITUTIONAL THEORY OF ART.

Artificial intelligence also called AI, the scientific effort to design and build...

Artificial language See FORMAL LANGUAGE, PHILOS-. OPHY OF LANGUAG. artificial life, an...

Ascriptivism the theory that to call an action voluntary is not...

Aseity See DIVINE ATTRIBUTES, ENS A SE.

Aspasius See COMMENTARIES ON ARISTOTLE.

Aspectual action paradox See DEONTIC PARADOXES.

Assent, notional See NEWMAN.

Assent, real See NEWMAN.

Assertability conditions See MEANING.

Assertability, warranted See DEWEY.

Assertion See PROPOSITION.