Probability, prior See BAYES's THEOREM.

Problem of evil See PHILOSOPHY OF RELIGION.

Problem of induction. First stated by Hume this problem concerns the logical basis of inferences from observed...

Problem of other minds the question of what rational basis a person can have...

Problem of the criterion a problem of epistemology, arising in the attempt both to...

Problem of the single case See PROBABILITY,. PROPENSIT. problem of the speckled hen, a problem...

Problematic judgment See KANT.

Problematic modality See MODALITY.

Proceduralism See JURISPRUDENCE.

Process philosophy See WHITEHEAD.

Process theology any theology strongly influenced by the theistic metaphysics of Whitehead...

Process–product ambiguity an ambiguity that occurs when a noun can refer either...

Proclus See COMMENTARIES ON PLATO, HELLENISTIC. PHILOSOPHY , NEOPLATONIS.

Prodicus See SOPHISTS.

Production theory the economic theory dealing with the conversion of factors of...

Productive reason See THEORETICAL REASON. professional ethics, a term designating one or...

Programming language See COMPUTER THEORY.

Programs, modal logic of See DYNAMIC LOGIC.

Projectible predicate See GRUE PARADOX.

Projection See HEIDEGGER.

Projectivism See MORAL PSYCHOLOGY.

Prolepsis See EPICUREANISM, HELLENISTIC PHILOSO-. PH.

Proof See PROOF THEORY.

Proof by recursion also called proof by mathematical induction, a method for conclusively...

Proof-theoretic reflection principles See REFLEC -. TION PRINCIPLE. proof theory, a branch of...

Proof, finitary See HILBERT'S PROGRAM.

Proof, indirect See REDUCTIO AD ABSURDUM.

Proper class See CLASS.

Proper names, causal theory of See CAUSAL THEORY. OF PROPER NAME.

Proper sensibles See ARISTOTLE.