belief-desire model See INTENTION.

belief revision the process by which cognitive states change in light of...

Bell’s theorem See PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE, QUAN -. TUM MECHANIC.

Bayes’s rule See BAYES's THEOREM.

Bayes’s theorem any of several relationships between prior and posterior probabilities or...

Bayle Pierre (1647–1706), French philosopher who also pioneered in disinterested, critical...

beauty an aesthetic property commonly thought of as a species of...

Beauvoir, Simone de See EXISTENTIALISM.

Beccaria Cesare (1738–94), Italian criminologist and judicial and penal reformer. He...

becoming See TIME.

becoming, temporal See TIME.

Bedeutung See FREGE.

begging the question See CIRCULAR REASONING.

basic action See ACTION THEORY.

basic belief See BERKELEY, FOUNDATIONALISM,. LOGICAL POSITIVISM , PLANTING. basic norm, also...

basic particular See STRAWSON.

basic proposition See EPISTEMOLOGY.

basic sentence See FOUNDATIONALISM.

basic statement See FOUNDATIONALISM. Basilides (A.D. c.120–40), Syrian Christian gnostic teacher in...

basing relation also called basis relation, the relation between a belief or...

basis clause See MATHEMATICAL INDUCTION.

basis relation See BASING RELATION. Bataille, Georges (1897–1962), French philosopher and novelist...

Baumgarten Alexander Gottlieb (1714–62), German philosopher. Born in Berlin, he was...

Bayesian See BAYESIAN RATIONALITY, CONFIRMA -. TIO. Bayesian rationality, minimally, a...

Barbara See ARISTOTLE, SYLLOGISM.

barber paradox See PARADOX.

Barcan formula See MODAL LOGIC.

bare particular See METAPHYSICS.

bargaining theory the branch of game theory that treats agreements, e.g., wage...

base, supervenience See SUPERVENIENCE.