Vico Giambattista (1668–1744), Italian philosopher who founded modern philosophy of history,...

Vienna Circle a group of philosophers and scientists who met periodically for...

Vijñanavada an idealist school of Buddhist thought in India in the...

Vijñapti Indian Buddhist term meaning 'representation', used by some philosophers as...

Vio, Tommaso de See CAJETAN.

Violence, (1) the use of force to cause physical harm, death,...

Vipassana (Pali, 'insight', 'discernment'), Indian Buddhist term used to describe both...

Virtù See CLASSICAL REPUBLICANISM, MACHIAVELLI.

Virtue epistemology the subfield of epistemology that takes epistemic virtue to be...

Virtue ethics also called virtue-based ethics and agent-based ethics, conceptions or theories...

Virtue theory See VIRTUE ETHICS.

Virtue, epistemic See VIRTUE EPISTEMOLOGY.

Virtues, cardinal See CARDINAL VIRTUES.

Virtues, theological See AQUINAS.

Vishnu (from Sanskrit Vifpu), major Hindu god and Supreme Lord for...

Visistadvaita Vedanta a form of Hinduism for which Brahman is an independently...

Vital lie (1) an instance of self-deception (or lying to oneself) when...

Vitalism See PHILOSOPHY OF BIOLOGY.

Vitoria Francisco de (1492/93–1546), Spanish Dominican jurist, political philosopher, and theologian...

Vives Juan Luis (1492?–1540), Spanish humanist and teacher. Born in Valencia,...

Voluntarism any philosophical view that makes our ability to control the...

Voluntarism, doxastic See VOLUNTARISM.

Voluntarism, ethical See NATURAL LAW.

Voluntarism, metaphysical See VOLUNTARISM.

Voluntarism, theological See VOLUNTARISM.

Voluntary act See ACTION THEORY.

Voluntary euthanasia See EUTHANASIA. von Neumann, John (1903–57), Hungarian-born American mathematician, physicist,...

Von Wright G. H. (b.1916), Finnish philosopher, one of the most influential...

Vorstellung See PERCEPTION.

Vortex theory See DESCARTES.