Vijñanavada an idealist school of Buddhist thought in India in the...

vijñapti Indian Buddhist term meaning 'representation', used by some philosophers as...

Vio, Tommaso de See CAJETAN.

violence, (1) the use of force to cause physical harm, death,...

vipassana (Pali, 'insight', 'discernment'), Indian Buddhist term used to describe both...

virtù See CLASSICAL REPUBLICANISM, MACHIAVELLI.

virtue, epistemic See VIRTUE EPISTEMOLOGY.

virtue epistemology the subfield of epistemology that takes epistemic virtue to be...

virtue ethics also called virtue-based ethics and agent-based ethics, conceptions or theories...

virtues, cardinal See CARDINAL VIRTUES.

virtues, theological See AQUINAS.

virtue theory See VIRTUE ETHICS.

Vishnu (from Sanskrit Vifpu), major Hindu god and Supreme Lord for...

Visistadvaita Vedanta a form of Hinduism for which Brahman is an independently...

vitalism See PHILOSOPHY OF BIOLOGY.

vital lie (1) an instance of self-deception (or lying to oneself) when...

Vitoria Francisco de (1492/93–1546), Spanish Dominican jurist, political philosopher, and theologian...

Vives Juan Luis (1492?–1540), Spanish humanist and teacher. Born in Valencia,...

voluntarism any philosophical view that makes our ability to control the...

voluntarism, doxastic See VOLUNTARISM.

voluntarism, ethical See NATURAL LAW.

voluntarism, metaphysical See VOLUNTARISM.

voluntarism, theological See VOLUNTARISM.

voluntary act See ACTION THEORY.

voluntary euthanasia See EUTHANASIA. von Neumann, John (1903–57), Hungarian-born American mathematician, physicist,...

Vorstellung See PERCEPTION.

vortex theory See DESCARTES.

voting paradox the possibility that if there are three candidates, A, B,...

Wang Ch’ung (A.D. 27–100?), Chinese philosopher, commonly regarded as the most independent-minded...

Wang Fu-chih (1619–92), Chinese philosopher and innovative Confucian thinker. Wang attacked the...