Bosanquet Bernard (1848–1923), British philosopher, the most systematic British absolute idealist...

Born interpretation See QUANTUM MECHANICS.

borderline case in the logical sense, a case that falls within the...

Boole, George See BOOLEAN ALGEBRA, LOGICAL. FOR. Boolean algebra, (1) an ordered...

book of life expression found in Hebrew and Christian scriptures signifying a record...

Book of Changes See I-CHING.

boo-hurrah theory See EMOTIVISM.

Bonaventure Saint (c.1221–74), Italian theologian. Born John of Fidanza in Bagnorea,...

Bolzano Bernard (1781–1848), Austrian philosopher. He studied philosophy, mathematics, physics, and...

Boltzmann Ludwig (1844–1906), Austrian physicist who was a spirited advocate of...

Boethius Anicius Manlius Severinus (c.480– 525), Roman philosopher and Aristotelian translator...

Boehme Jakob (1575–1624), German Protestant speculative mystic. Influenced especially by Paracelsus,...

Brahmanism See BRAHMAN.

brain in a vat See PUTNAM, SKEPTICISM.

Brandt Richard B. (1910–97), American moral philosopher, most closely associated with...

Brentano Franz (1838–1917), German philosopher, one of the most intellectually influential...

Brentano’s thesis See INTENTIONALITY.

Brahman in Hinduism, the ultimate reality, possessed of being, consciousness, and...

Brahma See BRAHMAN.

Bradwardine, Thomas See OXFORD CALCULATORS.

Bradley F(rancis) H(erbert) (1846–1924), the most original and influential nineteenth-century British...

bracketing See HUSSERL, PHENOMENOLOGY.

Boyle Robert (1627–91), British chemist and physicist who was a major...

bound variable See ONTOLOGICAL COMMITMENT,. VARIABL. Bouwsma, O(ets) K(olk) (1898–1978), American philosopher,...

bottom-up See COGNITIVE SCIENCE.

Brunschvicg Léon (1869–1944), French philosopher, an influential professor at the Sorbonne...

Bruno Giordano (1548–1600), Italian speculative philosopher. He was born in Naples,...

Broad C(harlie) D(unbar) (1887–1971), English epistemologist, metaphysician, moral philosopher, and philosopher...

British empiricists See RATIONALISM.

B-series See TIME.