Chrysippus See STOICISM.

Chrysorrhoas See JOHN OF DAMASCUS.

ch’üan Chinese term for a key Confucian concept that may be...

Chuang Tzu also called Chuang Chou (4th century B.C.), Chinese Taoist philosopher....

Chomsky hierarchy of languages See PHILOSOPHY. OF LANGUAG.

Chomsky Noam (b.1928), preeminent American linguist, philosopher, and political activist who...

Chinese room argument See SEARLE.

ching Chinese term meaning 'reverence', 'seriousness', 'attentiveness', 'composure'. In early texts,...

ch’ing Chinese term meaning (1) 'essence', 'essential'; (2) 'emotion', 'passions'. Originally,...

Chisholm Roderick Milton (1916–99), influential American philosopher whose publications spanned the...

chit See SAT/CHIT/ANANDA.

choice, axiom of See LÖWENHEIM - SKOLEM THEO -. REM , SET THEORY....

circularity See CIRCULAR REASONING, DEFINITION,.

Cicero Marcus Tullius (106–43 B.C.), Roman statesman, orator, essayist, and letter...

Church-Turing thesis See PHILOSOPHY OF MIND.

Church’s thesis the thesis, proposed by Alonzo Church at a meeting of...

Church’s theorem See CHURCH'S THESIS.

Churchland Patricia Smith (b.1943), Canadianborn American philosopher and advocate of neurophilosophy....

church fathers See PATRISTIC AUTHORS.

Church Alonzo (1903–95), American logician, mathematician, and philosopher, known in pure...

chün-tzu Chinese term meaning 'gentleman', 'superior man', 'noble person', or 'exemplary...

Chung-yung a portion of the Chinese Confucian classic Book of Rites....

chung shu, Chinese philosophical terms important in Confucianism, meaning 'loyalty' or...

Chu Hsi (1130–1200), Neo-Confucian scholar of the Sung dynasty (960–1279), commonly regarded...

claim right See HOHFELD, RIGHTS.

civil rights See RIGHTS.

civil disobedience a deliberate violation of the law, committed in order to...

civic humanism See CLASSICAL REPUBLICANISM.

citta-matra the Yogacara Buddhist doctrine that there are no extramental entities,...

clairvoyance See PARAPSYCHOLOGY.