Clarke Samuel (1675–1729), English philosopher, preacher, and theologian. Born in Norwich,...

clairvoyance See PARAPSYCHOLOGY.

DIALLELON . circular reasoning, reasoning that, when traced backward from its conclusion,...

citta-matra the Yogacara Buddhist doctrine that there are no extramental entities,...

civic humanism See CLASSICAL REPUBLICANISM.

civil disobedience a deliberate violation of the law, committed in order to...

civil rights See RIGHTS.

claim right See HOHFELD, RIGHTS.

closure. A set of objects O, is said to exhibit closure or to be closed...

closed sentence See OPEN FORMULA.

closed loop See CYBERNETICS.

closed formula See WELL-FORMED FORMULA.

Clifford W(illiam) K(ingdon) (1845–79), British mathematician and philosopher. Educated at King's...

Clement of Alexandria (A.D. c.150–c.215), formative teacher in the early Christian church who,...

clear and distinct idea See DESCARTES.

Cleanthes See STOICISM.

class paradox See UNEXPECTED EXAMINATION PARA-. DO.

classical republicanism also known as civic humanism, a political outlook developed by...

cognitive dissonance mental discomfort arising from conflicting beliefs or attitudes held simultaneously....

cognitive meaning See MEANING.

cognitive psychology See COGNITIVE SCIENCE.

cognitive psychotherapy an expression introduced by Brandt in A Theory of the...

cognitive science an interdisciplinary research cluster that seeks to account for intelligent...

cognitive architecture See COGNITIVE SCIENCE.

Cogito ergo sum (Latin 'I think, therefore I am'), the starting point of Descartes's...

cogito argument See DESCARTES.

coercion See FREE WILL PROBLEM.

Cockburn Catherine (Trotter) (1679–1749), English philosopher and playwright who made a...

Coase theorem a non-formal insight by Ronald Coase (Nobel Prize in Economics,...

closure, causal See DAVIDSON.