Akrasia also spelled acrasia, Greek term for weakness of will. Akrasia...

Al-Faaraabii, Abu Nasr, also called Abunaser, in Latin, Alpharabius (870–950),...

Al-Ghazaalii Abu Hamid (1058–1111). Islamic philosopher, theologian, jurist, and mystic. He...

Al-Kindii Abu Yusuf, in Latin, Alkindus (c.800– 70), Arab philosopher who...

Al-Raazii Abu Bakr, in Latin, Rhazes (c.854–925 or 932), Persian physician,...

Alaya-vijñana Sanskrit term meaning literally 'storehouse consciousness', a category developed by...

Albert of Saxony (1316–90), terminist logician from lower Saxony who taught in the...

Albert the Great See ALBERTUS MAGNUS.

Albertus Magnus also called Albert the Great (c.1200–80), German Dominican philosophertheologian. As...

Albinus See COMMENTARIES ON PLATO, MIDDLE. PLATONIS. alchemy, a quasi-scientific practice...

Alcinous See MIDDLE PLATONISM.

Alcmaeon of Croton See PRE-SOCRATICS.

Alembert, Jean Le Rond d’ See D'ALEMBERT.

Alethic modalities historically, the four central ways or modes in which a...

Alexander of Aphrodisias (fl. A.D. c.200), Greek philosopher, one of the foremost commentators...

Alexander of Hales (c.1185–1245), English Franciscan theologian, known as the Doctor Irrefragabilis. The...

Alexandrian School those Neoplatonic philosophers contemporary with and subsequent to Proclus (A.D....

Algebra, Boolean See BOOLEAN ALGEBRA.

Algebra, full subset See BOOLEAN ALGEBRA.

Algorithm a clerical or effective procedure that can be applied to...

Algorithmic function See ALGORITHM.

Alienation See MARX.

Aliorelative See RELATION.

ALISM . logicism, the thesis that mathematics, or at least some significant...

All-things-considered reason See REASONS FOR. ACTIO.

Allais’s paradox a puzzle about rationality devised by Maurice Allais (b. 1911)....

Allegory of the cave See PLATO.

Alnwick, William of See WILLIAM OF ALNWICK.

Alpharabius See AL-FARABI.

Alston William P. (b.1921), American philosopher widely acknowledged as one of...