alaya-vijñana Sanskrit term meaning literally 'storehouse consciousness', a category developed by...

Albert of Saxony (1316–90), terminist logician from lower Saxony who taught in the...

al-Kindii Abu Yusuf, in Latin, Alkindus (c.800– 70), Arab philosopher who...

aliorelative See RELATION.

alienation See MARX.

algorithmic function See ALGORITHM.

algorithm a clerical or effective procedure that can be applied to...

al-Ghazaalii Abu Hamid (1058–1111). Islamic philosopher, theologian, jurist, and mystic. He...

algebra, full subset See BOOLEAN ALGEBRA.

algebra, Boolean See BOOLEAN ALGEBRA.

al-Faaraabii, Abu Nasr, also called Abunaser, in Latin, Alpharabius (870–950),...

Alexandrian School those Neoplatonic philosophers contemporary with and subsequent to Proclus (A.D....

Alexander of Hales (c.1185–1245), English Franciscan theologian, known as the Doctor Irrefragabilis. The...

alternative, relevant See CONTEXTUALISM.

alternative denial See SHEFFER STROKE.

Althusser Louis (1918–90), French Marxist philosopher whose publication in 1965 of...

altruism See EGOISM.

ambiguity a phonological (or orthographic) form having multiple meanings (senses, characters,...

Alston William P. (b.1921), American philosopher widely acknowledged as one of...

al-Raazii Abu Bakr, in Latin, Rhazes (c.854–925 or 932), Persian physician,...

Alpharabius See AL-FARABI.

Alnwick, William of See WILLIAM OF ALNWICK.

all-things-considered reason See REASONS FOR. ACTIO.

allegory of the cave See PLATO.

Allais’s paradox a puzzle about rationality devised by Maurice Allais (b. 1911)....

amoralist See EMOTIVISM.

Ammonius Saccas (early third century A.D.), Platonist philosopher who taught in Alexandria....

Ammonius See COMMENTARIES ON ARISTOTLE.

Ambrose Saint, known as of Milan (c.339–97), Roman church leader and...

amphiboly See INFORMAL FALLACY.