Appellation See SHERWOOD.

Apperception See KANT.

Application (of a function) See COMBINATORY. LOGI. applied ethics, the domain of ethics that...

Apuleius of Madaura See MIDDLE PLATONISM.

Aquinas Saint Thomas (1225–74), Italian philosopher-theologian, the most influential thinker of...

Arabic philosophy the philosophy produced in Arabic by philosophers of various ethnic...

Aradhya Sanskrit word meaning 'object of worship or reverence'. In traditional...

Arcesilaus of Pitane (c.315–242 B.C.), Greek Skeptic philosopher, founder of the Middle Academy....

Archelaus of Athens See PRE-SOCRATICS, SKEPTICS.

Archetype See JUNG.

Archimedian ordering See LEXICAL ORDERING.

Architecture, cognitive See COGNITIVE SCIENCE.

Archytas (fl. 400–350 B.C.), Greek Pythagorean philosopher from Tarentum in southern...

Arendt Hannah (1906–75), German-born American social and political theorist. She was...

Aretaic See ARETE.

Arete ancient Greek term meaning 'virtue' or 'excellence'. In philosophical contexts,...

Argument a sequence of statements such that some of them (the...

Argument (of a function) See MATHEMATICAL FUNC-. TIO.

Argument from analogy See PHILOSOPHY OF RELI -. GION , PROBLEM OF OTHER...

Argument from authority See INFORMAL FALLACY.

Argument from design See PHILOSOPHY OF RELI -. GIO.

Argument from evil See PHILOSOPHY OF RELIGION.

Argument from hallucination See PERCEPTION.

Argument from illusion See PERCEPTION.

Argument, a priori See A PRIORI.

Argument, practical See PRACTICAL REASONING.

Argumentum ad baculum See INFORMAL FAL -. LAC.

Argumentum ad hominem See INFORMAL FAL -. LAC.

Argumentum ad ignorantium See INFORMAL FAL -. LAC.

Argumentum ad judicium See INFORMAL FALLACY.