Po-hu tung (‘White Tiger Hall Consultations’), an important Chinese Confucian work of the later Han dynasty, resulting from discussions at the imperial palace in A.D. 79 on the classics and their commentaries. Divided into forty-three headings, the text sums up the dominant teachings of Confucianism by affirming the absolute position of the monarch, a cosmology and moral psychology based on the yin–yang theory, and a comprehensive social and political philosophy. While emphasizing benevolent government, it legitimizes the right of the ruler to use force to quell disorder. A system of ‘three bonds and six relationships’ defines the hierarchical structure of society. Human nature, identified with the yang cosmic force, must be cultivated, while feelings (yin) are to be controlled especially by rituals and education. The Confucian orthodoxy affirmed also marks an end to the debate between the Old Text school and the New Text school that divided earlier Han scholars. See also CONFUCIANISM ; YIN , YAN. A.K.L.C.