radical translation See INDETERMINACY OF TRANS -. LATIO. Ramanuja (1017?–1137?), Indian philosopher who founded the Visistadvaita tradition. His theistic system provides the theoretical basis for Bhakti devotional Hinduism. His most important writings are the Sribhafya (a commentary on the Brahma-Sutras of Badarayana that presents an interpretation competitive to Shankara’s), the Gita-Bhacya (a commentary on the Bhagavad Gita), and the Vedarthasamgraha (a commentary on the Upanishads). He rejects natural theology, offers a powerful criticism of Advaita Vedanta, and presents a systematic articulation of devotional theism. See also VISSISTADVAITA VEDANT. K.E.Y.