tao-hsin jen-hsin, Chinese terms used by Neo- Confucian philosophers to contrast the mind according to the Way (tao-hsin) and the mind according to man’s artificial, selfish desires (jenhsin). When one responds spontaneously without making discrimination, one is acting according to the Way. One is naturally happy, sad, angry, and joyful as circumstances require. But when one’s self is alienated from the Way, one works only for self-interest, and the emotions and desires are excessive and deviate from the Mean. In the Confucian tradition sages and worthies take Heaven as their model, while common people are urged to take chün-tzu (the superior men) as their model. See also NEO -CONFUCIANISM ; T’IEN LI , JEN -YÜ. S.-h.L.