vacuous truth See IMPLICATION.

vagueness a property of an expression in virtue of which it...

Vaihinger Hans (1852–1933), German philosopher best known for Die Philosophie des...

Vair, Guillaume du See DU VAIR.

Valentinianism a form of Christian gnosticism of Alexandrian origin, founded by...

Valentinus (A.D. 100–65), Christian gnostic teacher. He was born in Alexandria,...

valid having the property that a well-formed formula, argument, argument form,...

Valla Lorenzo (c.1407–57), Italian humanist and historian who taught rhetoric in...

value the worth of something. Philosophers have discerned these main forms:...

value, cognitive See FREGE.

value, contributive See VALUE.

value, inherent See VALUE.

value, instrumental See VALUE.

value, intrinsic See VALUE.

value, surplus See MARX.

value of a variable See ONTOLOGICAL COMMITMENT,. VARIABL. value theory, also called axiology, the...

Vanini Giulio Cesare (c.1584–1619), Italian philosopher, a Renaissance Aristotelian who studied...

Vardhamana Jnatrputra See MAHAVIRA.

variable in logic and mathematics, a symbol interpreted so as to...

variable, bound See ONTOLOGICAL COMMITMENT,. VARIABL.

variable, free See VARIABLE.

variable, regressor See REGRESSION ANALYSIS.

variable, response See REGRESSION ANALYSIS.

variable, state See STATE.

variable, value of See ONTOLOGICAL COMMITMENT,. VARIABL.

variable sum game See GAME THEORY.

vasana Buddhist philosophical term meaning 'tendency'. It is an explanatory category,...

Vauvenargues Luc de Clapiers de (1715–47), French army officer and secular...

Vázquez Gabriel (1549–1604), Spanish Jesuit theologian and philosopher. Born in Villaescusa...

Vedanta also called Uttara Mimamsa ('the end of the Vedas'), the...