Li-i-fen-shu a Chinese phrase meaning ‘Principle is one while duties or manifestations are many’. Chang Tsai (1020–77) wrote the essay ‘The Western Inscription’ in which he said that all people were his brothers and sisters. Ch’eng Yi’s (1033–1107) disciple Yang Shih (1053–1135) suspected Chang Tsai of teaching the Mohist doctrine of universal love. Ch’eng Yi then coined the phrase to clarify the situation: Chang Tsai was really teaching the Confucian doctrine of graded love – while principle (li) is one, duties are many. Chu Hsi (1130–1200) further developed the idea into a metaphysics by maintaining that principle is one while manifestations are many, just as the same moon shines over different rivers. See also CHINESE PHILOSOPHY , CHU HS. S.-h.L.