Rorty Richard (b.1931), American philosopher, notable for the breadth of his...

Roscelin de Compiègne (c.1050–c.1125), French philosopher and logician who became embroiled in theological...

Rosenzweig Franz (1886–1929), German philosopher and Jewish theologian known as one...

Rosmini-Serbati Antonio (1797–1855), Italian philosopher, Catholic priest, counselor to Pope Pius...

Ross W(illiam) D(avid) (1877–1971), British Aristotelian scholar and moral philosopher. Born...

Rousseau Jean-Jacques (1712–78), Swiss-born French philosopher, essayist, novelist, and musician, best...

Royce Josiah (1855–1916), American philosopher best known for his pragmatic idealism,...

Rufus, Richard See RICHARD RUFUS.

Rule of addition See DISJUNCTION INTRODUCTION.

Rule of conjunction See CONJUNCTION INTRODUC -. TIO.

Rule of detachment See LOTTERY PARADOX.

Rule of double negation See DOUBLE NEGATION.

Rule of inference See LOGISTIC SYSTEM.

Rule of law the largely formal or procedural properties of a well-ordered legal...

Rule of recognition See HART, JURISPRUDENCE.

Rule of simplification See CONJUNCTION ELIMINA -. TIO.

Rule of total evidence See INDUCTION.

Rule utilitarianism See UTILITARIANISM.

Rule, primary See HART.

Rule, secondary See HART.

Ruling Argument See MEGARIANS.

Russell Bertrand (Arthur William) (1872–1970), British philosopher, logician, social reformer, and...

Russell’s paradox See SET -THEORETIC PARADOXES.

Russian nihilism a form of nihilism, a phenomenon mainly of Russia in...

Russian philosophy the philosophy produced by Russian thinkers, both in Russia and...

Ryle Gilbert (1900–76), English analytic philosopher known especially for his contributions...

S5 See MODAL LOGIC.

Saadiah Gaon (882–942), Jewish exegete, philosopher, liturgist, grammarian, and lexicographer. Born in...

Sage See SHENG.

Saint Petersburg paradox a puzzle about gambling that motivated the distinction between expected...