Baumgarten Alexander Gottlieb (1714–62), German philosopher. Born in Berlin, he was...

Bayes’s rule See BAYES's THEOREM.

Bayes’s theorem any of several relationships between prior and posterior probabilities or...

Bayesian See BAYESIAN RATIONALITY, CONFIRMA -. TIO. Bayesian rationality, minimally, a...

Bayle Pierre (1647–1706), French philosopher who also pioneered in disinterested, critical...

Beauty an aesthetic property commonly thought of as a species of...

Beauvoir, Simone de See EXISTENTIALISM.

Beccaria Cesare (1738–94), Italian criminologist and judicial and penal reformer. He...

Becoming See TIME.

Becoming, temporal See TIME.

Bedeutung See FREGE.

Begging the question See CIRCULAR REASONING.

Begriff See HEGEL.

Behavioral equivalence See TURING MACHINE.

Behavioralism See JURISPRUDENCE.

Behaviorism broadly, the view that behavior is fundamental in understanding mental...

Behaviorism, supervenient See PHILOSOPHY OF. MIN. behavior therapy, a spectrum of behavior...

Being See HEIDEGGER, METAPHYSICS, TRANSCEN -. DENTAL. belief, a dispositional psychological...

Belief revision the process by which cognitive states change in light of...

Belief-desire model See INTENTION.

Belief, basic See BERKELEY, FOUNDATIONALISM,. LOGICAL POSITIVIS.

Belief, degree of See BAYESIAN RATIONALITY.

Belief, ethics of See CLIFFORD.

Belief, partial See PROBABILITY.

Belief, properly basic See EVIDENTIALISM, PLAN -. TING.

Bell’s theorem See PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE, QUAN -. TUM MECHANIC.

Beneficence See VIRTUE ETHICS.

Beneke Friedrich Eduard (1798–1854), German philosopher who was influenced by Herbart...

Benevolence See VIRTUE ETHICS.

Bentham Jeremy (1748–1832), British philosopher of ethics and political-legal theory. Born...