value, surplus See MARX.

value of a variable See ONTOLOGICAL COMMITMENT,. VARIABL. value theory, also called axiology, the...

Vanini Giulio Cesare (c.1584–1619), Italian philosopher, a Renaissance Aristotelian who studied...

Vardhamana Jnatrputra See MAHAVIRA.

variable in logic and mathematics, a symbol interpreted so as to...

variable, bound See ONTOLOGICAL COMMITMENT,. VARIABL.

variable, free See VARIABLE.

variable, regressor See REGRESSION ANALYSIS.

variable, response See REGRESSION ANALYSIS.

variable, state See STATE.

variable, value of See ONTOLOGICAL COMMITMENT,. VARIABL.

variable sum game See GAME THEORY.

vasana Buddhist philosophical term meaning 'tendency'. It is an explanatory category,...

Vauvenargues Luc de Clapiers de (1715–47), French army officer and secular...

Vázquez Gabriel (1549–1604), Spanish Jesuit theologian and philosopher. Born in Villaescusa...

Vedanta also called Uttara Mimamsa ('the end of the Vedas'), the...

Vedas the earliest Hindu sacred texts. 'Veda' literally means a text...

veil of ignorance See RAWLS.

velleity See VOLITION. Venn diagram, a logic diagram invented by the...

verifiability theory of meaning See MEANING, PHI -. LOSOPHY OF LANGUAGE , VERIFICATIONIS. verificationism,...

verisimilitude See TRUTHLIKENESS.

Verstehen (German, 'understanding', 'interpretation'), a method in the human sciences that...

verum See Appendix of Special Symbols.

vibratinuncle See HARTLEY.

vice See VIRTUE ETHICS.

vicious circle principle See TYPE THEORY.

vicious regress regress that is in some way unacceptable, where a regress...

Vico Giambattista (1668–1744), Italian philosopher who founded modern philosophy of history,...

Vienna Circle a group of philosophers and scientists who met periodically for...

Vijñanavada an idealist school of Buddhist thought in India in the...