sustaining cause See CAUSATION.

surplus value See MARX.

supervaluation semantics See FREE LOGIC.

sure-thing principle See ALLAIS ' S PARADOX, DECI -. SION THEOR.

supposition, simple See SUPPOSITIO.

survival continued existence after one's biological death. So understood, survival can...

supposition, material See SUPPOSITIO.

supervaluations, method of See VAGUENESS.

supervenience a dependence relation between properties or facts of one type,...

supervenient behaviorism See PHILOSOPHY OF. MIN. suppositio (Latin, 'supposition'), in the Middle...

supposition, personal See SUPPOSITIO.

surface grammar See GRAMMAR.

surface structure See GRAMMAR, PHILOSOPHY OF. LANGUAG.

supervaluation See SET THEORY, VAGUENESS.

supererogation the property of going beyond the call of duty. Supererogatory...

superaltern See SQUARE OF OPPOSITION.

summum genus See GENUS GENERALISSIMUM.

Sung Hsing also called Sung Tzu (c.360–290 . .), Chinese philosopher associated...

superego See FREUD.

supernatural theology See THEOLOGIA NATURALIS.

superset See SET THEORY.

supernaturalism See MIRACLE, NATURALISM, THEO -. LOGICAL NATURALIS.

superseding cause See CAUSATION.

superman See NIETZSCHE.

sunyata (Sanskrit, 'emptiness'), a property said by some Indian Buddhist philosophers...

Sun Yat-sen (1866–1925), Chinese statesman, founder of the Republic of China in...

substitutability salva veritate See SUBSTITUTIVITY. SALVA VERITAT.

substratum See BERKELEY, SUBSTANCE.

substitutional quantification See QUANTIFICATION.

substitutivity salva veritate a condition met by two expressions when one is substitutable...