samatha in Buddhism, tranquillity or calm. The term is used to...

Sankara See SHANKARA.

Samhita See VEDAS.

Sanches Francisco (c.1551–1623), Portugueseborn philosopher and physician. Raised in southern France,...

Saktism See SAKTI.

Santayana George (1863–1952), Spanish- American philosopher and writer. Born in Spain,...

Sankhya-Yoga a system of Hindu thought that posits two sorts of...

sanction anything whose function is to penalize or reward. It is...

Sakti in Hindu thought, force, power, or energy, personified as the...

Samkara See SHAGKARA.

samanantara-pratyaya in Buddhism, a causal term meaning 'immediately antecedent (anantara) and...

salva veritate See SUBSTITUTIVITY SALVA VERI -. TAT. samadhi, Sanskrit term meaning...

Russell Bertrand (Arthur William) (1872–1970), British philosopher, logician, social reformer, and...

rule of total evidence See INDUCTION.

Russell’s paradox See SET -THEORETIC PARADOXES.

Ruling Argument See MEGARIANS.

Russian philosophy the philosophy produced by Russian thinkers, both in Russia and...

Saadiah Gaon (882–942), Jewish exegete, philosopher, liturgist, grammarian, and lexicographer. Born in...

rule utilitarianism See UTILITARIANISM.

Russian nihilism a form of nihilism, a phenomenon mainly of Russia in...

Saint-Simon Comte de, title of Claude-Henri de Rouvroy (1760–1825), French social...

Ryle Gilbert (1900–76), English analytic philosopher known especially for his contributions...

S5 See MODAL LOGIC.

Saint Petersburg paradox a puzzle about gambling that motivated the distinction between expected...

sage See SHENG.

Royce Josiah (1855–1916), American philosopher best known for his pragmatic idealism,...

rule of detachment See LOTTERY PARADOX.

rule of double negation See DOUBLE NEGATION.

rule of inference See LOGISTIC SYSTEM.

rule of law the largely formal or procedural properties of a well-ordered legal...