weak supervenience See SUPERVENIENCE.

wedge argument See SLIPPERY SLOPE ARGUMENT.

Weber Max (1864–1920), German social theorist and sociologist. Born in Berlin...

Vorstellung See PERCEPTION.

Wang Yang-ming (1472–1529), Chinese philosopher known for his doctrines of the unity...

warranted assertability See DEWEY.

wayward causal chain a causal chain, referred to in a proposed causal analysis...

von Wright G. H. (b.1916), Finnish philosopher, one of the most influential...

Warsaw School See POLISH LOGIC.

vortex theory See DESCARTES.

want-belief model See INTENTION.

voting paradox the possibility that if there are three candidates, A, B,...

Wang Fu-chih (1619–92), Chinese philosopher and innovative Confucian thinker. Wang attacked the...

wave mechanics See QUANTUM MECHANICS.

Ward James (1843–1925), English philosopher and psychologist. Influenced by Lotze, Herbart,...

Wang Ch’ung (A.D. 27–100?), Chinese philosopher, commonly regarded as the most independent-minded...

voluntarism any philosophical view that makes our ability to control the...

Vitoria Francisco de (1492/93–1546), Spanish Dominican jurist, political philosopher, and theologian...

voluntarism, doxastic See VOLUNTARISM.

vital lie (1) an instance of self-deception (or lying to oneself) when...

voluntary euthanasia See EUTHANASIA. von Neumann, John (1903–57), Hungarian-born American mathematician, physicist,...

voluntarism, ethical See NATURAL LAW.

voluntary act See ACTION THEORY.

voluntarism, metaphysical See VOLUNTARISM.

voluntarism, theological See VOLUNTARISM.

Vives Juan Luis (1492?–1540), Spanish humanist and teacher. Born in Valencia,...

violence, (1) the use of force to cause physical harm, death,...

Visistadvaita Vedanta a form of Hinduism for which Brahman is an independently...

vitalism See PHILOSOPHY OF BIOLOGY.

virtue ethics also called virtue-based ethics and agent-based ethics, conceptions or theories...