causes, the four See ARISTOTLE.

causa sui (Latin 'cause of itself'), an expression applied to God to mean...

cave, allegory of the See PLATO.

Cavell Stanley Louis (b.1926), American philosopher whose work has explored skepticism...

Cavendish Margaret, Duchess of Newcastle (1623–1673), English author of some dozen...

cellular automaton See SELF-REPRODUCING AUTOM-.

central state materialism See PHILOSOPHY OF MIND.

certainty the property of being certain, which is either a psychological...

ceteris paribus clause See PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE.

CH See Appendix of Special Symbols.

chance See DETERMINISM.

change See EVENT, TIME.

change, Cambridge See CAMBRIDGE CHANGE.

Chang Hsüeh-ch’eng (1738–1801), Chinese historian and philosopher who devised a dialectical theory...

Chang Tsai (1020–1077), Chinese philosopher, a major Neo-Confucian figure whose Hsi-ming ('Western...

chaos theory See PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE.

chaotic system See PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE.

character the comprehensive set of ethical and intellectual dispositions of a...

character, semantic See INDEXICAL.

characteristica universalis See COMPUTER THE -. ORY, LEIBNI.

charity, principle of See MEANING.

Charron Pierre (1541–1603), French Catholic theologian who became the principal expositor...

ch’eng Chinese term meaning 'sincerity'. It means much more than just...

cheng ming also called Rectification of Names, a Confucian program of language...

Cheng-shih hsüan-hsüeh See NEO-TAOISM.

ch’i Chinese term for ether, air, corporeal vital energy, and the...

Chiao Hung (1540?–1620), Chinese historian and philosopher affiliated with the T'ai-chou school,...

Chia Yi (200–168 B.C.), Chinese scholar who attempted to synthesize Legalist, Confucian,...

ch’ien k'un, in traditional Chinese cosmology, the names of the two...

chien ai See MOHISM.