Four Books a group of Confucian texts including the Ta-hsüeh (Great Learning),...

four causes See ARISTOTLE.

four elements See EMPEDOCLES.

four humors See GALEN.

Fourier François-Marie-Charles (1772–1837), French social theorist and radical critic, often called...

fourth condition See EPISTEMOLOGY.

fourth condition problem See EPISTEMOLOGY.

frame See COGNITIVE SCIENCE.

Frankena William K. (1908–94), American moral philosopher who wrote a series...

Frankfurt School a group of philosophers, cultural critics, and social scientists associated...

Frankfurt-style case See FREE WILL PROBLEM.

free beauty See BEAUTY.

freedom, negative See POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE. FREEDO.

freedom, positive See POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE. FREEDO.

freedom, practical See FREE WILL PROBLEM.

free logic a system of quantification theory, with or without identity, that...

free variable See VARIABLE.

free will defense See PHILOSOPHY OF RELIGION.

free will problem the problem of the nature of free agency and its...

Frege Gottlob (1848–1925), German mathematician and philosopher. A founder of modern...

Frege-Geach point See GEACH.

frequency theory of probability See PROBABILITY.

French personalism a Christian socialism stressing social activism and personal responsibility, the...

Freud Sigmund (1856–1939), Austrian neurologist and psychologist, the founder of psychoanalysis....

Fries, Jakob Friedrich See NEO-KANTIANISM.

full subset algebra See BOOLEAN ALGEBRA.

function, mathematical See ALGORITHM, MATHE -. MATICAL FUNCTIO.

function, probability See BAYESIAN RATIONALITY.

function, state See QUANTUM MECHANICS.

function, teleological See TELEOLOGY.