yi Chinese term probably with an earlier meaning of ‘sense of honor’, subsequently used to refer to the fitting or right way of conducting oneself (when so used, it is often translated as ‘rightness’ or ‘duty’), as well as to a commitment to doing what is fitting or right (when so used, it is often translated as ‘righteousness’ or ‘dutifulness’). For Mohists, yi is determined by what benefits (li) the public, where benefit is understood in terms of such things as order and increased resources in society. For Confucians, while yi behavior is often behavior in accordance with traditional norms, it may also call for departure from such norms. Yi is determined not by specific rules of conduct, but by the proper weighing (chüan) of relevant considerations in a given context of action. Yi in the sense of a firm commitment to doing what is fitting or right, even in adverse circumstances, is an important component of the Confucian ethical ideal. See also CONFUCIANISM , MO TZU. K.-l.S.